% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% File: achemso.dtx Copyright (C) 2008-2022,2024 Joseph Wright
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the
% LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL), either version 1.3c of this
% license or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version
% of this license is in the file
%
%    https://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%
% This file is part of the "achemso bundle" (The Work in LPPL)
% and all files in that bundle must be distributed together.
%
% The released version of this bundle is available from CTAN.
%
% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% The development version of the bundle can be found at
%
%    https://github.com/josephwright/achemso
%
% for those people who are interested.
%
% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
%
%<*driver>
\documentclass[a4paper]{ltxdoc}
\usepackage{achemso,array,booktabs,lmodern}
\usepackage[osf]{mathpazo}
\usepackage[scaled=0.95]{helvet}
\usepackage[final]{listings,microtype}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[numbered]{hypdoc}
\EnableCrossrefs
\CodelineIndex
\RecordChanges
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{\jobname.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
%\GetFileInfo{\jobname.sty}
%
%\makeatletter
%
%^^A \DescribeOption is in l3doc but not ltxdoc
%\newcommand*\DescribeOption{^^A
%  \leavevmode
%  \@bsphack
%  \begingroup
%    \MakePrivateLetters
%    \Describe@Option
%}
%\newcommand*\Describe@Option[1]{^^A
%    \endgroup
%  \marginpar{^^A
%    \raggedleft
%    \PrintDescribeEnv{#1}^^A
%  }%
%  \SpecialOptionIndex{#1}^^A
%  \@esphack
%  \ignorespaces
%}
%\newcommand*\SpecialOptionIndex[1]{^^A
%  \@bsphack
%  \index{^^A
%    #1\actualchar{\protect\ttfamily#1} (option)\encapchar usage^^A
%  }^^A
%  \index{^^A
%    options:\levelchar#1\actualchar{\protect\ttfamily#1}
%    \encapchar usage^^A
%  }^^A
%  \@esphack
%}
%
%^^A For creating examples with nice highlighting of code, and so
%^^A on; based on the system used in the listings source (lstsample).
%\lst@RequireAspects{writefile}
%\newsavebox{\LaTeXdemo@box}
%\lstnewenvironment{LaTeXdemo}[1][code and example]{^^A
%  \global\let\lst@intname\@empty
%  \expandafter\let\expandafter\LaTeXdemo@end
%    \csname LaTeXdemo@#1@end\endcsname
%  \@nameuse{LaTeXdemo@#1}^^A
%}{^^A
%  \LaTeXdemo@end
%}
%\newcommand*\LaTeXdemo@new[3]{^^A
%  \expandafter\newcommand\expandafter*\expandafter
%    {\csname LaTeXdemo@#1\endcsname}{#2}^^A
%  \expandafter\newcommand\expandafter*\expandafter
%    {\csname LaTeXdemo@#1@end\endcsname}{#3}^^A
%}
%\newcommand*\LaTeXdemo@common{^^A
%  \setkeys{lst}{
%    basicstyle   = \small\ttfamily,
%    basewidth    = 0.51em,
%    gobble       = 3,
%    keywordstyle = \color{blue},
%    language     = [LaTeX]{TeX},
%    moretexcs    = {
%      affiliation,
%      alsoaffiliation,
%      altaffiliation,
%      email,
%      fax,
%      natmovechars,
%      phone,
%      setkeys
%    }
%  }^^A
%}
%\newcommand*\LaTeXdemo@input{^^A
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%  \catcode`\^^M=10\relax
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%}{^^A
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%}
%\LaTeXdemo@new{code only}{^^A
%  \LaTeXdemo@common
%}{^^A
%}
%
%\providecommand*\eTeX{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}-\TeX}
%\providecommand*\file{\texttt}
%\providecommand*\opt{\texttt}
%\providecommand*\pkg{\textsf}
%
%\newcommand*\ACS{\textsc{acs}}
%
%\makeatother
%
%\title{^^A
%  \textsf{achemso} --- Support for submissions to American Chemical
%    Society journals\thanks{^^A
%    This file describes version \fileversion, last revised
%    \filedate.^^A
%  }^^A
%}
%\author{^^A
%  Joseph Wright\thanks{E-mail: joseph.wright@morningstar2.co.uk}^^A
%}
%\date{Released \filedate}
%
%\maketitle
%
%\begin{abstract}
% The \pkg{achemso} bundle provides a \LaTeX\ class file and \BibTeX\
% style file in accordance with the requirements of the American
% Chemical Society (\ACS).  The files can be used for any documents, but
% have been carefully designed and tested to be suitable for submission
% to \ACS\ journals.
%
% The bundle also includes the \pkg{natmove} package.  This package is
% loaded by \pkg{achemso}, and provides automatic moving of superscript
% citations after punctuation.
%\end{abstract}
%
%\begin{multicols}{2}
%  \tableofcontents
%\end{multicols}
%
%\section{Introduction}
% Support for \BibTeX\ bibliography following the requirements of the
% American Chemical Society (\ACS), along with a package to make
% these easy to  have been available since version one of \pkg{achemso}.
% The re-write from version 1 to version 2 made a number of
% improvements to the package, and also added a number of new
% features.  However, neither version one nor version two of the
% package was targeted directly at use for submissions to \ACS\
% journals.  This new release of \pkg{achemso} addresses this issue.
%
% The bundle consists of four parts.  The first is a \LaTeXe\ class,
% intended for use in submissions.  It is based on the standard
% \pkg{article} class, but makes various changes to facilitate ease
% of use.  The second part is the \LaTeX\ package.  The package contains
% the parts of the bundle which are appropriate for use with other
% document classes.\footnote{For example, when writing a thesis.} 
% Thirdly, two \BibTeX\ style files are included.  These are used by
% both the class and the package, but can be used directly if desired.
% Finally, an example document is included; this is intended to act a
% potential template for submission, and illustrates the use of the
% class file.
%
%\section{Installation}
%
% The package is supplied in \file{dtx} format and as a pre-extracted
% zip file, \file{\jobname.tds.zip}. The later is most convenient for
% most users: simply unzip this in your local texmf directory and
% run \texttt{texhash} to update the database of file locations. If
% you want to unpack the \file{dtx} yourself, running
% \texttt{tex \jobname.dtx} will extract the package whereas
% \texttt{latex \jobname.dtx} will extract it and also typeset the
% documentation.
%
% Typesetting the documentation requires a number of packages in
% addition to those needed to use the package. This is mainly
% because of the number of demonstration items included in the text. To
% compile the documentation without error, you will need the packages:
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item \pkg{array}
%   \item \pkg{booktabs}
%   \item \pkg{hypdoc}
%   \item \pkg{listings}
%   \item \pkg{lmodern}
%   \item \pkg{mathpazo}
%   \item \pkg{microtype}
%\end{itemize}
%
%\section{Requirements}
%
% The \pkg{achemso} class requires the following packages:
%\begin{itemize}
%  \item \pkg{caption}
%  \item \pkg{float}
%  \item \pkg{geometry}
%  \item \pkg{natbib}
%  \item \pkg{setspace}
%  \item \pkg{xkeyval}
%\end{itemize}
% These are normally present in the current major \TeX{} distributions,
% but are also available from \href{http://www.ctan.org}{The
% Comprehensive TeX Archive Network}.
%
%\section{The class file}
% The class file has been designed for use in submitting journals to
% the \ACS. It uses all of the modifications described here (those in
% the package as well as those in the class).  The accompanying
% example manuscript can be used as a template for the correct use of
% the class file.  It is intended to act as a model for submission.
%
% When submitting communications to \emph{J.~Am.\ Chem.\ Soc.}, the
% class will automatically lay the document out in the publication
% style. This allows the author to judge the length of text submitted
% more accurately.  Changing the \opt{manuscript} in the
% demonstration document to \opt{communication} will illustrate the
% effect.
%
%\subsection{Class options}
%
%\DescribeOption{journal}
% The class supports a limited number of options, which are
% specifically-targeted at submission.  The class uses the
% \pkg{keyval} system for options, in the form \opt{key=value}. The
% most important option is \opt{journal}.  This is an identifier
% for the target journal: from \url{https://pubs.acs.org/}, the identifier
% is the part of the URL after \texttt{https://pubs.acs.org/journal/},
% \emph{e.g.}~for \emph{J.\ Org.\ Chem.}\ it would be \texttt{joceah}.
% If an unknown journal is specified, the package will fall-back on the
% \opt{journal=jacsat} option.
%
%\DescribeOption{manuscript}
% The second option is the \opt{manuscript} option. This specifies
% the type of paper in the manuscript.  The values here are
% \opt{article}, \opt{note}, \opt{communication}, \opt{review},
% \opt{letter} and \opt{perspective}. The valid values will depend on
% the value of \opt{journal}.  The \opt{manuscript} option determines
% whether sections and an abstract are valid.  The value
% \opt{suppinfo} is also available for supporting information.
%
%\DescribeOption{layout}
% The \pkg{achemso} class can produce drafts in two layout styles. The
% standard setting for the \opt{layout} option is \opt{traditional},
% which produces a double-spaced single column manuscript. The
% alternative setting \opt{twocolumn} will use single spacing and
% print the text in two columns. The second option is obviously more
% compact. If the journal requires a particular style this option may
% be ignored.
%
%\DescribeOption{email}
% It may be desirable to omit e-mail addresses from the front page of
% a manuscript. The printing of e-mail addresses can be disabled using
% the \opt{email} option, which takes Boolean values only. The default
% is to print e-mail addresses. Notice that phone and fax numbers are
% only printed if e-mail addresses are printed.
%
% Other options are provided by the package, but when used with the
% class these are silently ignored. If you need to override the
% settings chosen by the class, include the settings \emph{after}
% the \cs{documentclass} line using \cs{setkeys}:
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \documentclass[journal = jacsat]{achemso}
%  \setkeys{acs}{articletitle = false}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
%\subsection{Manuscript meta-data}
%
%\DescribeMacro{\author}
%\DescribeMacro{\affiliation}
%\DescribeMacro{\alsoaffiliation}
%\DescribeMacro{\altaffiliation}
%\DescribeMacro{\email}
% Inspired by REV\TeX, the \pkg{achemso} class alters the method for
% adding author information to the manuscript.  Each author should be
% given as a separate \cs{author} command.  These should be followed
% by an \cs{affiliation}, which applies to the preceding authors. The
% \cs{affiliation} macro takes an optional argument, for a short
% version of the affiliation.\footnote{This will usually be the
% university or company name.}  At least one author should be
% followed by an \cs{email} macro, containing contact details.  All
% authors with an e-mail address are automatically marked with a
% star.  The example manuscript demonstrates the use of all of these
% macros. Notice that \cs{alsoaffiliation} is used when one (or more)
% authors work at multiple institutions, while \cs{altaffiliation}
% is intended for previous addresses (or other notes). Only
% \cs{affiliation} applies to multiple authors: both
% \cs{alsoaffiliation} and \cs{altaffiliation} are set on a per
% author basis.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \author{Author Person}
%  \author{Second Bloke}
%  \email{second.bloke@some.place}
%  \affiliation[University of Sometown]
%    {University of Somewhere, Sometown, USA}
%  \altaffiliation
%    {Previous address: Minute University, Nowhereville, USA}
%  \author{Indus Trialguy}
%  \email{i.trialguy@sponsor.co}
%  \affiliation[SponsoCo]
%    {Research Department, SponsorCo, BigCity, USA}
%  \alsoaffiliation{University of Somewhere, Sometown, USA}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
% Repeated entries for \cs{affiliation} and \cs{alsoaffiliation} will
% result in only one address being printed in the address list and
% footnotes. Repeated \cs{altaffiliation} entries only produce a single
% footnote, and can therefore be used for entries such as
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \author{First Coworker}
%  \altaffiliation{Contributed equally to this work}
%  \author{Second Coworker}
%  \altaffiliation{Contributed equally to this work}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
% if required.
%
%\DescribeMacro{\fax}
%\DescribeMacro{\phone}
% The class will recognise the optional information \cs{fax} and
% \cs{phone}, which will be printed along with the lead authors
% e-mail address. Note that this information is only used for authors
% who have an e-mail address supplied.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \author{Second Bloke}
%  \email{second.bloke@some.place}
%  \phone{+xxx (0)yyy zzzzzz}
%  \fax{+xxx (0)yyy wwwwww}
%  \affiliation[University of Sometown]
%    {University of Somewhere, Sometown, USA}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
%\DescribeMacro{\and}
%\DescribeMacro{\thanks}
% The method used for setting the meta-data means that the normal
% \cs{and} and \cs{thanks} macros are not appropriate in the \
% pkg{achemso} class.  Both produce a warning if used.
%
%\DescribeMacro{\title}
% The \cs{title} macro is extended to accept an optional argument.
% This is intended for a shortened version of the journal title
% suitable for running headers. Some journals require that authors
% supply this data: if it is needed then it will be printed in the
% appropriate place.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \title[Short running title]
%    {Long title which would not fit in running headers}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
% The meta-data items should be given in the preamble to the \LaTeX\
% file, and no \cs{maketitle} macro is required in the document body.
% This is all handled by the class file directly.  At least one
% author, affiliation and e-mail address must be specified.
%
%\subsection{Floats}
%\DescribeEnv{scheme}
%\DescribeEnv{chart}
%\DescribeEnv{graph}
% The class defines three new floating environments: \texttt{scheme},
% \texttt{chart} and \texttt{graph}. These can be used as expected to
% include graphical content.  The placement of these new floats and the
% standard \texttt{table} and \texttt{figure} floats is altered to be
% ``here'' if possible.  The contents of all floats is automatically
% horizontally centred on the page.
%
%\subsection{Section headers}
%
%\DescribeMacro{\SectionNumbersOff}
%\DescribeMacro{\SectionNumbersOn}
% Some journals have no section numbering by default. This can be
% set up in the appropriate configuration file, but it may be that
% individual users need to change the decision. The macros
% \cs{SectionNumbersOff} and \cs{SectionNumbersOn} are therefore
% available: these should be given in the preamble.
%
%\DescribeMacro{\SectionsOff}
%\DescribeMacro{\SectionsOn}
% More radically, the entire availability of sections can be turned on
% and of. This is functionality is available to the user \emph{via} the
% \cs{SectionsOn} and \cs{SectionsOff} macros, which again are
% preamble-only.
%\DescribeMacro{\AbstractOff}
%\DescribeMacro{\AbstractOn}
% Similar functions are available for the abstract: \cs{AbstractOff} and
% \cs{AbstractOn}.
%
%\subsection{Special sections}
%
%\DescribeEnv{acknowledgement}
%\DescribeEnv{suppinfo}
% The sections for acknowledgements and supporting information
% have dedicated environments available.  These ensure that
% the section headings are generated, and that the text is
% sized corrected when using creating a Communication.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \begin{acknowledgement}
%    The authors thank A.N.~Other.
%  \end{acknowledgement}
%
%  \begin{suppinfo}
%    Full characterization data for all new compounds.
%  \end{suppinfo}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
%\DescribeEnv{tocentry}
% For generating an entry for the graphical table of content, required
% by some journals, the environment \texttt{tocentry} is available. This
% prints its content in an appropriately sized box on a separate page.
% In contrast to the rest of the manuscript, this section is intended to
% be ``print ready'' in appearance.
%
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \begin{tocentry}
%    \includegraphics{toc-entry-graphic}
%    Some text to explain the graphic.
%  \end{tocentry}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
% \subsection{Miscellaneous commands}
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\latin}
%   
% The command \cs{latin} is provided by the class to format Latin phrases
% such as ``et al.'' Most ACS journals do not make these italic, but
% some (for example \emph{ACS Nano}) do. By providing a command, the formatting
% is left flexible.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\doi}
%
% The bibliography style prints any \textsc{doi} values as the
% argument to the command \cs{doi}. The default definition will allow
% printing of special characters but does not create hyperlinks. A
% more sophisticated version of the command may be set up if \pkg{hyperref}
% is loaded, for example
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}[code only]
%  \begin{tocentry}
%    \newcommand{\doi}[1]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
%  \end{tocentry}
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
%\section{The package file}
% The \pkg{achemso} package is independent of the class file, and
% contains parts of the bundle useful outside of submission to the
% \ACS.
%
%\subsection{Package options}
%
% As with the class options, the package uses the key--value method
% for option set up. These are used to control the output of citations
% and bibliographic data. The same options are used when creating
% journal configurations for the class: this is a task most users will
% not need to undertake!
%
%\DescribeOption{super}
% The \opt{super} option affects the handling of superscript
% reference markers.  The option switches this behaviour
% on and off (and takes Boolean values: \opt{super=true} and
% \opt{super=false} are valid).
%
%\DescribeOption{articletitle}
% The \opt{articletitle} option is a Boolean, and sets whether the title
% of a paper referenced appears in the bibliography.  The default is
% \opt{articletitle=true}.
%
% \DescribeOption{doi}
% The boolean \opt{doi} option is provided to allow a \textsc{doi}
% (Digital Object Identifier) to be included for bibliography entries
% even where other identification such as page numbers is available.
%  The standard setting is \opt{false}: setting it to \opt{true} will
%  cause \textsc{doi} numbers to be printed if available.
%
% \DescribeOption{chaptertitle}
% The boolean \opt{chaptertitle} option is provided to allow flexibility
% for the inclusion of chapter titles for \texttt{book} and
% related entries. The standard setting is \opt{false}: setting
% it to \opt{true} will cause chapter titles to be included.
%
%\DescribeOption{etalmode}
%\DescribeOption{maxauthors}
% Many journals require that long lists of authors are shortened using
% `et al.' in the references section. The behaviour of the \BibTeX\
% styles in this regard is controlled by two options, \opt{etalmode}
% and \opt{maxauthors}. There are two possible ways to shorten a long
% list of authors. Some journals require that only the first author
% is given, followed by `et al.': for this behaviour, set
% \opt{etalmode=firstonly}:
%\begin{verbatim}
%  Jones, A.N. et al.
%\end{verbatim}
% On the other hand, some journals request that the list of authors
% is truncated after $n$ authors. This is set up by the
% \opt{etalmode=truncate} option:
%\begin{verbatim}
%  Jones, A.N.; Bloggs, F.; Nobacon, D. et al.
%\end{verbatim}
% In both cases, the maximum number of authors permitted before
% introducing `et al.' is governed by the \opt{maxauthors} option.
% This option recognises the sentinel value $0$, which indicates that
% no shortening should occur at all.
%
%\DescribeOption{biblabel}
% Redefining the formatting of the numbers used in the bibliography
% usually requires modifying internal \LaTeX\ macros.  The
% \opt{biblabel} option makes these changes more accessible: valid
% values are \opt{plain} (use the number only), \opt{brackets}
% (surround the number in brackets) and \opt{period} or
% \opt{fullstop} (follow the number by a full stop/period).
%
%\DescribeOption{biochem}
%\DescribeOption{biochemistry}
% Most \ACS\ journals use the same bibliography style, with the only
% variation being the inclusion of article titles.  However, a small
% number of journals use a rather different style; the journal
% \emph{Biochemistry} is probably the most prominent.  The
% \opt{biochemistry} or \opt{biochem} option uses the style of
% \emph{Biochemistry} for the bibliography, rather than the normal
% \ACS\ style.
%
%\subsection{Bibliography notes}
%
%\DescribeMacro{\bibnote}
%\DescribeMacro{\bibnotemark}
%\DescribeMacro{\bibnotetext}
% \pkg{achemso} provides the \cs{bibnote} macro. This is intended for
% addition of notes to the bibliography (references).  The macro
% accepts a single argument, which is transferred to the bibliography by
% \BibTeX. In analogy to \cs{footnote}, the macros \cs{bibnotemark} and
% \cs{bibnotetext} are available for dividing up the marker for a
% note from the text.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}
%  Some text \bibnote{This note text will be in the bibliography}.
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
% The functionality for bibnotes in \pkg{achemso} is based on that
% in the \pkg{notes2bib} package. The \pkg{notes2bib} package can be
% loaded with the \pkg{achemso} package, and no clash will occur. With
% the class file, \pkg{notes2bib} will be ignored if requested, to
% prevent issues on submission to the \ACS.
%
%\section{The \texorpdfstring{\BibTeX}{BibTeX} style files}
%
% \pkg{achemso} is supplied with two style files, \file{achemso.bst} and
% \file{biochem.bst}.  The direct use of these without the \pkg{achemso}
% package file is not recommended, but is possible.  The style files
% can be loaded in the usual way, with a \cs{bibliographystyle}
% command.  The \pkg{natbib} package must be loaded by the \LaTeX\ file
% concerned, if the \pkg{achemso} package is not in use.
%
% The style files are designed to use the \pkg{mciteplus} package if it
% is available, but to work even if is not. When \pkg{mciteplus} is
% present, it is possible to automatically produce references of the
% form
%\begin{quotation}
%  \noindent
%  (5) (a) Arduengo,~A.~J.,~III; Dias,~H. V.~R.; Harlow,~R.~L.;
%  Kline,~M. \emph{{J}.~{A}m.\ {C}hem.\ {S}oc.} \textbf{1992},
%  \emph{114}, 5530--5534; (b) Appelhans,~L.~N.; Zuccaccia,~D.;
%  Kovacevic,~A.; Chianese,~A.~R.; Miecznikowski,~J.~R.; Macchioni,~A.;
%  Clot,~E.; Eisenstein,~O.; Crabtree,~R.~H. \emph{{J}.~{A}m.\ {C}hem.
%  {S}oc.} \textbf{2005}, \emph{127}, 16299--16311; (c)
%  Arduengo,~A.~J.,~III; Gamper,~S.~F.; Calabrese,~J.~C.; Davidson,~F.
%  \emph{J.~Am.\ Chem.\ Soc.} \textbf{1994}, \emph{116}, 4391--4394.
%\end{quotation}
% as demonstrated in the example document. When \pkg{mciteplus} is
% not present, this functionality is not available but the style files
% will work normally.
%
% The \BibTeX\ style files implement the bibliographic style
% specified by the \ACS\ in \emph{The ACS Style Guide}
% \cite{Coghill2006}.  By default, article titles are not included in
% output using the \file{achemso.bst} file, but are with the
% \file{biochem.bst} file.
%
% The style used by the \ACS\ does not differentiate between
% \BibTeX\ \texttt{book}, \texttt{inbook}, \texttt{collection} and
% \texttt{incollection} entries. As a result, the appearance of
% these entry types depends on the fields available. Named subdivisions
% of a book (for example, chapters where each has a named author)
% should be given in the \texttt{title} field, with the title of
% the book itself in the \texttt{booktitle} field. The
% \texttt{chapter} field should be used for a chapter number, and
% is printed as part of the pagination.
%
% One frequently asked question is why some people see an empty first
% item in their bibliography when using the \pkg{achemso} package or
% class. This is usually because they have downloaded the \LaTeX\ files
% and done a local installation without also updating the \BibTeX\
% style. The two must be from the same version of \pkg{achemso}: they
% are designed to work together.
%
%\section{The \pkg{natmove} package}
%
% The \pkg{natmove} package does only one job.  It brings the ability to
% move punctuation after citations, using code borrowed from the
% \pkg{cite} package. Both the \pkg{achemso} class and package load
% \pkg{natmove} automatically.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}
%  Some text \cite{Coghill2006} some more text.\\
%  Some text ending a sentence \cite{Coghill2006}.
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
% This is deactivated for other citation types.
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}
%  Some text \citeyear{Coghill2006}.\\
%  Some text \citeauthor{Coghill2006}.\\
%  Some text \citenum{Coghill2006}.
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
% The package does nothing if the \opt{super} option has not been
% given to \pkg{natbib}.  This means that the source can be written
% without needing to decide where citations will to appear, with the
% \opt{super} option for \pkg{natbib} controlling the result.
%
%\DescribeMacro{\natmovechars}
% One user macro is provided: \cs{natmovechars}.  This contains
% the characters which are moved before superscript punctuation.
% The default contents is |,;:.| and can be set using
% \cs{renewcommand*}:
%\begin{LaTeXdemo}
%  \renewcommand*{\natmovechars}{.}
%  Some text \cite{Coghill2006},
%  more text \cite{Coghill2006}.
%\end{LaTeXdemo}
%
%\StopEventually{^^A
%  \PrintChanges
%  \PrintIndex
%  \bibliography{achemso-demo}
%}
%
%\section{Implementation}
%
% A lot of the work done by the package is also needed by the class.
% Loading the package and the class makes load-order awkward. Instead,
% the two parts are done in one place. Sandwiching the common code are
% two slices of dedicated material for the class and the package. Some
% of this is needed ``early'', before the common material, whilst the
% rest is ``late''.
%
%\subsection{Early class-only code}
%
% So that there is no confusion, the base class is loaded early.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*class>
\ProvidesClass{achemso}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g Submission to ACS journals]
\LoadClass[12pt,letter]{article}
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@warning}
% The code for a warning is created so that it works for the package too.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@warning{\ClassWarning{achemso}}
%</class>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%
%\subsection{Early package-only code}
%
% The package and the class should not both be loaded, as the two use
% the same internal macro names. On the other hand, if the class is
% not in use a reminder is printed to use it if possible.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*package>
\ProvidesPackage{achemso}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g Support for ACS journals]
\@ifclassloaded{achemso}{%
  \PackageInfo{achemso}{%
    You have already loaded the `achemso' class:\MessageBreak
    loading the package will abort%
  }%
  \endinput
}{%
  \PackageInfo{achemso}{%
    When writing a submission to an ACS journal, please\MessageBreak
    use the achemso document class%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@warning}
% The code for a warning is created so that it works for the class too.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@warning{\PackageWarning{achemso}}
%</package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\subsection{Common code}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@ifundefined}
% A non-expandable test for defined macros: does not add to the hash
% table.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*package|class>
\newcommand*\acs@ifundefined[1]{%
  \begingroup\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endgroup
  \expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax
    \expandafter\@firstoftwo
  \else
    \expandafter\@secondoftwo
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%
% The first stage needed is to read the package options given. Although
% \pkg{xkeyval} was perhaps not the best choice, changing this now would
% be rather risky.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@keyval@bool}
% A support macro for making Boolean options: the \pkg{xkeyval} version
% is only available in newer releases.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@keyval@bool[2]{%
  \acs@ifundefined{acs@#1#2}{%
    \acs@warning{Unknown option `#2' for key #1}%
  }{%
    \@nameuse{acs@#1#2}%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@abbreviations}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@articletitle}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@biochem}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@chaptertitle}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@doi}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@email}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@hyperref}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@keywords}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@super}
% These are all very trivial definitions: to avoid issues with older
% versions of \pkg{xkeyval} each definition is done directly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifacs@abbreviations
\newif\ifacs@articletitle
\newif\ifacs@biochem
\newif\ifacs@doi
\newif\ifacs@chaptertitle
\newif\ifacs@email
\newif\ifacs@hyperref
\newif\ifacs@keywords
\newif\ifacs@super
\define@key{acs}{abbreviations}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{abbreviations}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{articletitle}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{articletitle}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{biochem}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{biochem}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{doi}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{doi}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{chaptertitle}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{chaptertitle}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{email}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{email}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{hyperref}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{hyperref}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{keywords}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{keywords}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{super}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{super}{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{usetitle}[true]{%
  \acs@keyval@bool{articletitle}{#1}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@journal}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@layout}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maxauthors}
% Trivial again: done without using \pkg{xkeyval} for the same reasons
% as before.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@journal{jacsat}
\newcommand*\acs@layout{traditional}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript{article}
\newcommand*\acs@maxauthors{15}
\define@key{acs}{journal}{%
  \def\acs@journal{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{layout}{%
  \def\acs@layout{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{manuscript}{%
  \def\acs@manuscript{#1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{maxauthors}{%
  \def\acs@maxauthors{#1}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\ifacs@etal@truncate}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@etal@firstonly}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@etal@truncate}
% The setup for the \opt{etalmode} option is quite simple: just look
% for the appropriate macros.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifacs@etal@truncate
\define@key{acs}{etalmode}{%
  \acs@ifundefined{acs@etal@#1}{%
    \acs@warning{%
      Unknown value `#1' for\MessageBreak  etalmode option%
    }%
  }{%
    \@nameuse{acs@etal@#1}%
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@etal@firstonly{\acs@etal@truncatefalse}
\newcommand*\acs@etal@truncate{\acs@etal@truncatetrue}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@activate@biblabel}
% The \opt{biochemistry} option is an alias for \opt{biochem}. The
% \opt{biblabel} option is a choice, which is implemented using a
% csname search. The group here prevents hash table pollution, whilst
% the \pkg{xkeyval} method is avoided as it is more complex than it is
% worth!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\define@key{acs}{biochemistry}{%
  \setkeys{acs}{biochem = #1}%
}
\define@key{acs}{biblabel}{%
  \acs@ifundefined{acs@biblabel@#1}{%
    \acs@warning{%
      Unknown value `#1' for\MessageBreak biblabel option%
    }%
  }{%
    \acs@activate@biblabel{\@nameuse{acs@biblabel@#1}}%
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@activate@biblabel{}
%<*class>
\let\acs@activate@biblabel\AtEndOfClass
\AtEndOfClass{\let\acs@activate@biblabel\@firstofone}
%</class>
%<*package>
\let\acs@activate@biblabel\AtEndOfPackage
\AtEndOfPackage{\let\acs@activate@biblabel\@firstofone}
%</package>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@biblabel@brackets}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@biblabel@fullstop}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@biblabel@period}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@biblabel@plain}
% The macros to implement the idea above for biblabels.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@biblabel@brackets{\def\bibnumfmt##1{(##1)}}
\newcommand*\acs@biblabel@fullstop{\def\bibnumfmt##1{##1.}}
\newcommand*\acs@biblabel@period{\def\bibnumfmt##1{##1.}}
\newcommand*\acs@biblabel@plain{\def\bibnumfmt##1{##1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% Set up some defaults.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setkeys{acs}{
  email = true,
  super = true
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Loading some other packages depends on the options chosen, so they
% are processed now.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProcessOptionsX*<acs>
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript@communication}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript@letter}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript@note}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript@review}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@manuscript@suppinfo}
% For text comparisons.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript@communication{communication}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript@letter{letter}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript@note{note}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript@review{review}
\newcommand*\acs@manuscript@suppinfo{suppinfo}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@create}
%\begin{macro}{bibnote}
%\begin{macro}{\thebibnote}
%\begin{macro}{\bibnote}
%\begin{macro}{\bibnotemark}
%\begin{macro}{\bibnotetext}
%\begin{macro}{\printbibnotes}
% To avoid needing to load the \pkg{notes2bib} package, especially as
% the plan is to move that package to \LaTeX3 internal syntax,
% \pkg{achemso} provides a minimal version here. The first step is to
% create macros which will need a guard against \pkg{notes2bib} already
% having been loaded. To allow the package and class to behave
% differently these are actually applied later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@create{%
  \@namedef{ver@notes2bib.sty}{%
    2009/04/20 v1.6a Integrating notes into the bibliography (achemso
    version)
  }%
  \@ifundefined{c@bibnote}{\newcounter{bibnote}}{}
  \def\thebibnote{%
    Note-\the\value{bibnote}%
  }%
  \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bibnote}[1][\thebibnote]{%
    \stepcounter{bibnote}%
    \def\acs@niib@after@text{\cite{##1}}%
    \acs@niib@text{##1}%
  }%
  \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bibnotemark}[1][\thebibnote]{%
    \stepcounter{bibnote}%
    \cite{##1}%
  }%
  \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bibnotetext}[1][\thebibnote]{%
    \let\acs@niib@after@text\relax
    \acs@niib@text{##1}%
  }%
  \newcommand*\printbibnotes{%
    \ifnum\the\value{bibnote}>\z@\relax
      \nocite{achemso-control}%
      \acs@bibliography{acs-\jobname}%
    \fi
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@after@text}
% After the text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@after@text{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@text}
% The \cs{acs@niib@text} macro is the outer part of the writing system.
% It does not absorb the text of note, as without \eTeX\ this is bad
% news. The same file is used for notes and the control entry for
% the bibliography style.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@text{%
  \@bsphack
  \if@filesw
    \expandafter\acs@niib@write
  \else
    \expandafter\acs@niib@no@write
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@write}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@write@aux@i}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@write@aux@ii}
% Writing verbatim without \eTeX.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@write[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \let\do\@makeother
    \dospecials
    \catcode`\{ 1\relax
    \catcode`\} 2\relax
    \acs@niib@write@aux@i{#1}%
}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@write@aux@i[1]{%
  \long\def\@tempa##1{%
      \def\@tempa{##1}%
      \@onelevel@sanitize\@tempa
    \expandafter\endgroup
    \expandafter\def\expandafter\@tempa\expandafter{\@tempa}%
    \acs@niib@write@aux@ii{#1}%
  }%
  \catcode`\^^M 10\relax
  \@tempa
}
\newcommand*\acs@niib@write@aux@ii[1]{%
  \immediate\write\acs@bib@file{%
    @Misc\string{#1,^^J%
    \space\space note = \string{\@tempa\string},^^J%
    \string}^^J%
  }%
  \@esphack
  \acs@niib@after@text
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@niib@no@write}
% If no files are to be written, a bit of tidying up.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\acs@niib@no@write[2]{%
  \@esphack
  \acs@niib@after@text
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@natbib@detect}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@nmv@activate}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@autonote}
% The functionality of \pkg{notes2bib} is combined with the standard
% \cs{cite} macro, to give automatic note-like data in the bibliography.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{
  \def\nmv@natbib@detect{%
    \ifNAT@super
      \expandafter\acs@nmv@activate
    \else
      \expandafter\acs@autonote
    \fi
  }
}
\newcommand*\acs@nmv@activate{%
  \let\nmv@citex@nat\@citex
  \let\@citex\nmv@citex
  \let\nmv@cite\cite
  \renewcommand*{\cite}[2][]{%
    \nmv@ifmtarg{##1}{%
      \nmv@citetrue
      \nmv@cite{##2}%
    }{%
      \nocite{##2}%
      \bibnote{Ref.~\citenum{##2}, ##1}%
    }%
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@autonote{%
  \let\nmv@cite\cite
  \renewcommand*{\cite}[2][]{%
    \nmv@ifmtarg{##1}{%
      \nmv@cite{##2}%
    }{%
      \nocite{##2}%
      \bibnote{Ref.~\citenum{##2}, ##1}%
    }%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bib@file}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bib@message}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bib@name}
% Some information or creating the control file for \BibTeX\ is set up.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newwrite\acs@bib@file
\newcommand*\acs@bib@message{%
  This is an auxiliary file used by the `achemso' bundle.^^J%
  This file may safely be deleted. It will be recreated as required.^^J
}
\newcommand*\acs@bib@name{acs-\jobname.bib}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bib@write}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bib@write@aux}
% The control information for \BibTeX\ needs to be written to a special
% file. The main writing macro is quite simple. Actually writing the
% information is left to the code for \cs{bibliography}, so that this
% only happens if needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@bib@write{%
  \if@filesw
    \expandafter\acs@bib@write@aux
  \fi
}
\AtBeginDocument{\acs@bib@write}
\newcommand*\acs@bib@write@aux{%
  \immediate\openout\acs@bib@file\acs@bib@name\relax
  \immediate\write\acs@bib@file{\acs@bib@message}%
  \edef\@tempa##1##2{%
    \space\space##1\space = "##2",^^J%
  }%
  \immediate\write\acs@bib@file{%
    @Control\string{%
      achemso-control,^^J%
      \@tempa{ctrl-article-title\space}{%
        \ifacs@articletitle yes\else no\fi
      }%
      \@tempa{ctrl-chapter-title\space}{%
        \ifacs@chaptertitle yes\else no\fi
      }%
      \@tempa{ctrl-doi\space\space\space\space\space\space\space
        \space\space\space\space}{%
        \ifacs@doi yes\else no\fi
      }%
      \@tempa{ctrl-etal-number\space\space\space}{\acs@maxauthors}%
      \@tempa{ctrl-etal-firstonly}{%
        \ifacs@etal@truncate no\else yes\fi
      }%
    \string}^^J%
  }%
  \immediate\write\@auxout{%
    \string\citation\string{achemso-control\string}%
  }%
  \AtEndDocument{%
    \immediate\closeout\acs@bib@file\relax
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bibliography}
%\begin{macro}{\bibliography}
% The \cs{bibliography} macro is now patched so that everything works
% correctly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \let\acs@bibliography\bibliography
  \def\bibliography#1{%
    \acs@bibliography{acs-\jobname,#1}%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\latin}
%   The journal \emph{ACS Nano} formats Latin phrases differently from
%   every other ACS journal: we provide a \cs{latin} command to cover this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{
  \providecommand{\latin}[1]{#1}
}
%</package|class>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%\subsection{Late class-only code}
%
% Most of the power of the class is now created. First, a few options
% are reset so that any given by the user are effectively ignored.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*class>
\setkeys{acs}{
  abbreviations = false,
  articletitle  = true,
  biblabel      = brackets,
  biochem       = false,
  doi           = false,
  etalmode      = firstonly,
  keywords      = false,
  maxauthors    = 15,
  super         = true
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% When using the class, \pkg{notes2bib} is always emulated. Other
% standard support packages can now be loaded.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\acs@niib@create
\RequirePackage[margin=2.54cm]{geometry}
\RequirePackage{
  caption,
  float,
  graphicx,
  setspace,
  url
}
\ifacs@hyperref
  \expandafter\RequirePackage
\else
  \expandafter\@gobble
\fi
  {hyperref}
\AtBeginDocument{\doublespacing}
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\title}
%\begin{macro}{\@title}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@title@short}
% For the meta-data, the REV\TeX\ bundle provides a good model for
% the commands to give the author.  \cs{gdef} is used here to
% avoid any odd grouping issues. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{%
  \gdef\acs@title@short{#1}%
  \gdef\@title{#2}%
  \ifx\acs@title@short\@empty
    \global\let\acs@title@short\@title
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\title
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@cnt}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@cnt}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@alt@cnt}
% \pkg{achemso} tracks the number authors, affiliations and alternative
% affiliations.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\acs@author@cnt
\newcount\acs@affil@cnt
\newcount\acs@affil@alt@cnt
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@footnote@cnt}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}
% Two counts for getting affiliation footnotes correct.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\acs@footnote@cnt
\newcount\acs@affil@marker@cnt
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\author}
% The author macro stores the current author details and sets the
% affiliation of the author to the current one. Everything is
% \cs{global} so that there is no possibility of begin trapped inside a
% group. The affiliation counter is always one behind, and so it is
% locally incremented to keep the logic of the code clear elsewhere.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\author#1{%
  \global\advance\acs@author@cnt\@ne\relax
  \expandafter\gdef\csname @author@\@roman\acs@author@cnt\endcsname{#1}%
  \begingroup
    \advance\acs@affil@cnt\@ne
    \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@affil@\@roman
      \acs@author@cnt\endcsname
      {\the\acs@affil@cnt}%
  \endgroup
}
\@onlypreamble\author
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\and}
%\begin{macro}{\thanks}
% Neither \cs{and} nor \cs{thanks} are used by the document class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\and{%
  \acs@warning{%
    \string\and\space not used by the achemso class: please see
    the\MessageBreak package documentation for details%
  }%
}
\def\thanks{%
  \acs@warning{%
    \string\thanks\space not used by the achemso class: please see
    the\MessageBreak the package documentation for details%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\affiliation}
% As with \cs{author}, everything is \cs{global} just in case. The
% system insists that affiliations come after authors. Before anything
% is committed, a check is made that the affiliation has not already
% been seen.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\affiliation[2][\relax]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \acs@affil@ifdup{#2}{%
      \acs@affil@swap{#2}%
    }{%
      \global\advance\acs@affil@cnt\@ne\relax
      \expandafter\gdef\csname @address@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
        {#2}%
      \ifx\relax#1\relax
        \expandafter\gdef\csname @affil@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
          {#2}%
      \else
        \expandafter\gdef\csname @affil@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
          {#1}%
      \fi
    }%
  \else
    \acs@warning{Affiliation with no author}%
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\affiliation
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@ifdup}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@ifdup@aux}
% A short test for two addresses being identical.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@ifdup[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \@tempswafalse
    \@tempcnta\z@\relax
    \acs@affil@ifdup@aux
    \if@tempswa
      \aftergroup\@firstoftwo
    \else
      \aftergroup\@secondoftwo
    \fi
  \endgroup
}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@ifdup@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def\expandafter\expandafter
    \expandafter\@tempb\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
    {\csname @address@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname}%
  \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
    \expandafter\@tempswatrue
  \else
    \ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@affil@cnt\relax
      \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\acs@affil@ifdup@aux
    \fi
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@swap}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@swap@aux}
% If the affiliation has already been given, then all of the authors
% need to be checked to make sure that the correct affiliation is used.
% First, the loop from above is used to find the correct number for the
% duplicate.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@swap[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \@tempcnta\z@\relax
    \@tempcntb\z@\relax
    \acs@affil@ifdup@aux
    \advance\acs@affil@cnt\@ne\relax
    \acs@affil@swap@aux
  \endgroup
}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@swap@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcntb\@ne\relax
  \expandafter\ifnum\csname @author@affil@\@roman\@tempcntb\endcsname
    = \acs@affil@cnt\relax
    \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@affil@\@roman\@tempcntb\endcsname{%
      \the\@tempcnta
    }%
  \fi
  \ifnum\@tempcntb<\acs@author@cnt\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@swap@aux
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\alsoaffiliation}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@alsoaffil@find}
% To allow complex affiliations , two commands are needed. The first
% deals with affiliations that are in some way shared by several
% authors. This is tracked on a per author basis.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\alsoaffiliation[2][\relax]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \acs@affil@ifdup{#2}{%
      \acs@alsoaffil@find{#2}%
    }{%
      \global\advance\acs@affil@cnt\@ne\relax
      \@tempcnta\acs@affil@cnt\relax
      \expandafter\gdef\csname @address@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
        {#2}%
      \ifx\relax#1\relax
        \expandafter\gdef\csname @affil@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
          {#2}%
      \else
        \expandafter\gdef\csname @affil@\@roman\acs@affil@cnt\endcsname
          {#1}%
      \fi
    }%
    \@ifundefined{@author@alsoaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt}{%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@alsoaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt
        \endcsname{\the\@tempcnta}%
    }{%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@alsoaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt
        \endcsname{%
        \csname @author@alsoaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt\endcsname
        ,\the\@tempcnta
      }%
    }%
  \else
    \acs@warning{Affiliation with no author}%
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@alsoaffil@find[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \def\@tempa{#1}%
    \@tempcnta\z@\relax
    \@tempcntb\z@\relax
    \acs@affil@ifdup@aux
  \expandafter\endgroup
  \expandafter\@tempcnta\the\@tempcnta\relax
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\altaffiliation}
% For the alternative affiliation, a second count is kept, and the
% affiliation is ``attached'' to the author. The way these are stored
% means that the appropriate affiliation number can be recovered later,
% and so printed correctly when things get complex.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\altaffiliation[1]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \begingroup
      \acs@altaffil@ifdup{#1}{%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@altaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt
          \endcsname{\the\@tempcnta}%
      }{%
        \global\advance\acs@affil@alt@cnt\@ne\relax
        \expandafter\gdef\csname @altaffil@\@roman\acs@affil@alt@cnt
          \endcsname{#1}%
        \expandafter\xdef\csname @author@altaffil@\@roman\acs@author@cnt
          \endcsname{\the\acs@affil@alt@cnt}%
      }%
    \endgroup
  \else
    \acs@warning{Affiliation with no author}%
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\altaffiliation
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@altaffil@ifdup}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@altaffil@ifdup@aux}
% This is very similar to the same routine for normal affiliations but
% with the appropriate name changes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@altaffil@ifdup[1]{%
  \def\@tempa{#1}%
  \@tempswafalse
  \@tempcnta\z@\relax
  \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@\relax
    \expandafter\acs@altaffil@ifdup@aux
  \fi 
  \if@tempswa
    \expandafter\@firstoftwo
  \else
    \expandafter\@secondoftwo
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@altaffil@ifdup@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def\expandafter\expandafter
    \expandafter\@tempb\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
    {\csname @altaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname}%
  \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
    \expandafter\@tempswatrue
  \else
    \ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@affil@alt@cnt\relax
      \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\acs@altaffil@ifdup@aux
    \fi
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\email}
% E-mail addresses are attached to authors as well.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\email[1]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \expandafter\gdef\csname @email@\@roman\acs@author@cnt\endcsname
      {#1}%
  \else
    \acs@warning{E-mail with no author}%
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\email
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\fax}
%\begin{macro}{\phone}
% Fax and phone numbers are similar.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\fax[1]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \expandafter\gdef\csname @fax@\@roman\acs@author@cnt\endcsname
      {#1}%
  \else
    \acs@warning{Fax number with no author}%
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\fax
\newcommand*\phone[1]{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\z@\relax
    \expandafter\gdef\csname @phone@\@roman\acs@author@cnt\endcsname
      {#1}%
  \else
    \acs@warning{Phone number with no author}%
  \fi
}
\@onlypreamble\phone
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\abbreviations}
%\begin{macro}{\@abbreviations}
%\begin{macro}{\keywords}
%\begin{macro}{\@keywords}
% Some journals use these.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\abbreviations[1]{%
  \gdef\@abbreviations{#1}%
}
\newcommand*\@abbreviations{}
\@onlypreamble\abbreviations
\newcommand*\keywords[1]{%
  \gdef\@keywords{#1}%
}
\newcommand*\@keywords{}
\@onlypreamble\keywords
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abbreviations@print}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@keywords@print}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@title@short@print}
% For printing the key simple meta-data.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@abbreviations@print{%
  \ifx\@abbreviations\@empty\else
    \section*{Abbreviations}
    \@abbreviations
    \par
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@keywords@print{%
  \ifx\@keywords\@empty\else
    \section*{Keywords}
    \@keywords
    \par
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@title@short@print{%
  \section*{Running header}
  \acs@title@short
  \par
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@pre@title}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@title}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@author}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@address}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@email}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maketitle@width}
% Lengths for \cs{@maketitle}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength\acs@space@pre@title
\setlength\acs@space@pre@title{2em}
\newlength\acs@space@post@title
\setlength\acs@space@post@title{1.5em}
\newlength\acs@space@post@author
\setlength\acs@space@post@author{1em}
\newlength\acs@space@post@address
\setlength\acs@space@post@address{1em}
\newlength\acs@space@post@email
\setlength\acs@space@post@email{1.5em}
\newlength\acs@maketitle@width
\setlength\acs@maketitle@width{\textwidth}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\affilsize}
%\begin{macro}{\authorsize}
%\begin{macro}{\emailsize}
%\begin{macro}{\titlesize}
% Some simple size commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\affilsize{\normalsize}
\newcommand*\authorsize{\large}
\newcommand*\emailsize{\normalsize}
\newcommand*\titlesize{\LARGE}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\authorfont}
%\begin{macro}{\authorfont}
%\begin{macro}{\emailfont}
%\begin{macro}{\titlefont}
% Font settings for \cs{@maketitle}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\affilfont{\itshape}
\newcommand*\authorfont{\sffamily}
\newcommand*\emailfont{}
\newcommand*\titlefont{\bfseries\sffamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\ps@acs}
% A shortcut to make page styles.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\ps@acs}{}
\let\ps@acs\ps@plain
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\@maketitle}
%\begin{macro}{\@maketitle@title@hook}
% With the changes outlined above in place, a new \cs{@maketitle}
% macro is needed.  This is partially a copy of the existing, but
% rather heavily modified.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@maketitle{%
  \pagestyle{acs}%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt<\z@\relax
    \acs@warning{No authors defined: At least one author is required}%
  \fi
  \newpage
  \null
  \vspace*{\acs@space@pre@title}%
  \begin{center}
    \begin{minipage}{\acs@maketitle@width}
      \begin{center}
        {%
          \titlefont
          \titlesize
          \let\@fnsymbol\acs@author@fnsymbol
          \let\footnote\acs@title@footnote
          \acs@maketitle@suppinfo \@title
          \acs@title@footnote@check
          \global\acs@footnote@cnt\c@footnote
          \@maketitle@title@hook
          \par
        }%
        \vspace*{\acs@space@post@title}%
        {%
          \authorsize
          \authorfont
          \frenchspacing
          \acs@author@list
          \par
        }%
        \vspace*{\acs@space@post@author}%
        {%
          \affilsize
          \affilfont
          \acs@address@list
          \par
        }%
        \vspace*{\acs@space@post@address}%
        {%
          \emailsize
          \emailfont
          \ifacs@email
            \expandafter\acs@contact@details
          \fi
        }%
        \vspace*{\acs@space@post@email}%
      \end{center}
    \end{minipage}
  \end{center}%
}
\newcommand*\@maketitle@title@hook{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maketitle@suppinfo}
% This is spun out so that it can be avoided if necessary: this is done
% on the sly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@maketitle@suppinfo{%
  \ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@suppinfo
    Supporting Information:\\
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@title@footnote}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@title@footnote@check}
% Footnotes need to be created so that they appear correctly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@title@footnote[1]{%
  \footnotemark
  \g@addto@macro\@thanks{\footnotetext{#1}}%
}
\newcommand\acs@title@footnote@check{%
  \ifx\@thanks\@empty
  \else
    \begingroup
      \toks@=\expandafter{\@thanks}%
      \xdef\@thanks{%
        \begingroup
          \let\noexpand\@fnsymbol\noexpand\acs@author@fnsymbol
          \the\toks@
        \endgroup
      }%
    \endgroup
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@contact@details}
% A general contact details macro.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@contact@details{%
  { \sffamily E-mail: \acs@email@list }%
  \acs@number@list
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\@thanks}
% The \cs{@thanks} macro is used as a hook to generate the footnotes if
% needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\@thanks\@empty
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@list}
% Printing the author list needs to do several things. The appropriate
% separators between authors are created and the author names
% themselves are printed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@list{%
  \@tempcnta\z@\relax
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt=\z@\relax\else
    \expandafter\acs@author@list@main
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@footnotes}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@list@main}
% The main control macro for producing the author list iterates over
% each author on the list. The result is stored as
% \cs{acs@author@listing}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@footnotes{}
\newcommand*\acs@author@list@main{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \def\acs@author@footnotes{}%
  \acs@author@list@and
  \space
  \@nameuse{@author@\@roman\@tempcnta}%
  \acs@author@list@comma
  \acs@author@star
  \acs@author@affil
  \acs@author@affil@also
  \acs@author@affil@alt
  \ifx\@empty\acs@author@footnotes\else
    \textsuperscript{\acs@author@footnotes}%
  \fi
  \ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@author@cnt\relax
    \expandafter\acs@author@list@main
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@list@and}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@list@comma}
% Simple checks to add an ``and'' and a comma.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@list@and{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt=\@ne\relax\else
    \ifnum\@tempcnta=\acs@author@cnt\relax
      \space and%
    \fi
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@author@list@comma{%
  \ifnum\acs@author@cnt>\tw@\relax
    \ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@author@cnt\relax
      ,%
    \fi
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@star}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@star@aux}
% A check for an e-mail for an author: if so, add a star.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@star{%
  \acs@ifundefined{@email@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
    \acs@author@star@aux
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@author@star@aux{%
  \protected@edef\acs@author@footnotes{%
    \acs@author@fnsymbol{\z@}%
    \ifnum\acs@affil@cnt>\@ne\relax
      ,%
    \else
      \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@\relax
        ,%
      \fi
    \fi
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil@aux}
% The main affiliation of the author is checked for, and assuming one
% is found the appropriate symbol is added to the list.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil{%
  \acs@ifundefined{%
    @affil@\@roman\csname @author@affil@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname
  }{%
    \acs@warning{%
      No affiliation given for author\MessageBreak
      \@nameuse{@author@\@roman\@tempcnta}%
    }%
  }{%
    \acs@author@affil@aux
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil@aux{%
  \ifnum\acs@affil@cnt>\@ne\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@marker@cnt\csname @author@affil@\@roman
      \@tempcnta\endcsname\relax
    \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
    \protected@edef\acs@author@footnotes{%
      \acs@author@footnotes
      \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
    }%
  \else
    \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@\relax
      \acs@affil@marker@cnt\@ne\relax
      \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
      \protected@edef\acs@author@footnotes{%
        \acs@author@footnotes
        \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
      }%
    \fi
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil@also}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil@also@aux}
% The ``also'' affiliations are generated by a loop as there may be more
% than one.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil@also{%
  \acs@ifundefined{@author@alsoaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
    \acs@author@affil@also@aux
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil@also@aux{%
  \expandafter\@for\expandafter\@tempa\expandafter:\expandafter
    =\csname @author@alsoaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname\do{%
    \acs@affil@marker@cnt\@tempa\relax
    \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
    \protected@edef\acs@author@footnotes{%
      \acs@author@footnotes
      ,%
      \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
    }%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil@alt}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@affil@alt@aux}
% Alternative affiliations get the correct affiliation number back out
% from the stored data. There are then two corrections: one for the
% total number of main affiliations and a second in case there is a
% footnote to the title.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil@alt{%
  \acs@ifundefined{@author@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
    \acs@author@affil@alt@aux
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@author@affil@alt@aux{%
  \expandafter\acs@affil@marker@cnt
    \csname @author@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname\relax
  \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@affil@cnt\relax
  \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
  \protected@edef\acs@author@footnotes{%
    \acs@author@footnotes
    ,%
    \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@aux}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@i}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@ii}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@m}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@Q}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol@symbol}
% The ACS have an extended list of symbols.  The star appears at the
% special position zero.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol}[1]{%
  \ensuremath{%
    \expandafter\acs@author@fnsymbol@aux\expandafter{\number#1 }%
  }%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@aux}[1]{%
  \ifnum#1>10 %
    \expandafter\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop
  \else
    \expandafter\acs@author@fnsymbol@symbol
  \fi
    {#1}%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop}[1]{%
   \acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@i#1%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@i}[2]{%
  \acs@author@fnsymbol@symbol{\ifnum#2=0 10\else #2\fi}%
  \expandafter\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@ii\romannumeral #1000Q{}%
    {\acs@author@fnsymbol@symbol{\ifnum#2=0 10\else #2\fi}}%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@ii}[1]{%
  \@nameuse{acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@#1}%
}
\def\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@m#1Q#2#3{%
  \acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@ii#1Q{#2#3}{#3}%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@loop@aux@Q}[2]{#1}
\newcommand*{\acs@author@fnsymbol@symbol}[1]{%
  \ifcase #1 *\or
    \dagger\or
      \ddagger\or
        \P\or
          \S\or
            \|\or
              \bot\or
                \#\or
                  @\or
                    \triangle\or
                      \nabla
    \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@address@list}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@address@list@auxi}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@address@list@auxii}
%   Loop over the addresses and any extra affiliations and print them
%   all: if there is only one, omit the marker entirely. There is also a
%   need to watch out for any footnotes from the title.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@address@list{%
  \ifnum\acs@affil@cnt>\z@
    \expandafter\acs@address@list@auxi
  \else
    \acs@warning{No affiliations: at least one affiliation is needed}%
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@address@list@auxi{%
  \ifnum0%
    \ifnum\acs@affil@cnt>\@ne    1\fi
    \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@ 1\fi
      >\z@
    \expandafter\acs@address@list@auxii
  \else
    \@address@i\par
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@address@list@auxii{%
  \@tempcnta\z@
  \acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt
  \loop\ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@affil@cnt
    \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
    \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\@ne
    \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
    \@nameuse{@address@\@roman\@tempcnta}\par
  \repeat
  \@tempcnta\z@
  \loop\ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@affil@cnt
    \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
    \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\@ne
    \acs@ifundefined{@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta}
      {}
      {%
        \acs@author@fnsymbol{\acs@affil@marker@cnt}%
        \@nameuse{@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcnta}\par
      }%
  \repeat
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@fnsymbol@org}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@list}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@list@aux}
% Footnotes are done in two stages.  First the main affiliation is
% handled, then the possible alternative. There is a need to check for
% the possibility that there is only one main affiliation but one or
% more alternative ones.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@fnsymbol@org{}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@list{%
  \let\acs@fnsymbol@org\@fnsymbol
  \let\@fnsymbol\acs@author@fnsymbol
  \@tempcnta\z@\relax
  \@tempcntb\z@\relax
  \ifnum\acs@affil@cnt>\@ne\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@list@aux
  \else
    \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@\relax
      \acs@affil@marker@cnt\@ne\relax
      \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
      \footnotetext[\acs@affil@marker@cnt]{\@affil@i}%
      \@tempcnta\@ne\relax
    \fi
  \fi
  \ifnum\acs@affil@alt@cnt>\z@\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@alt@list
  \fi
  \let\@fnsymbol\acs@fnsymbol@org
}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@list@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \acs@affil@marker@cnt\@tempcnta\relax
  \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
  \footnotetext[\acs@affil@marker@cnt]{%
    \@nameuse{@affil@\@roman\@tempcnta}%
  }%
  \ifnum\@tempcnta<\acs@affil@cnt\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@list@aux
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@alt@list}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@affil@alt@lista@aux}
% The secondary loop for alternative affiliations is similar.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@affil@alt@list{%
  \advance\@tempcntb\@ne\relax
  \acs@ifundefined{@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcntb}{}{%
    \acs@altaffil@foot@aux
  }
  \ifnum\@tempcntb<\acs@author@cnt\relax
    \expandafter\acs@affil@alt@list
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@altaffil@foot@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \acs@affil@marker@cnt\@tempcnta\relax
  \advance\acs@affil@marker@cnt\acs@footnote@cnt\relax
  \footnotetext[\acs@affil@marker@cnt]{%
    \@nameuse{@altaffil@\@roman\@tempcntb}%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@email@list@font}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@email@list}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@email@list@aux}
% The final piece of meta-data to print is the e-mail address list.
% The total number of e-mail addresses given it counted in
% \cs{@tempcntb}, which means a warning can be given if there are
% none.  The group is used so that \cs{UrlFont} can be set correctly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@email@list@font{\sf}
\newcommand*\acs@email@list{%
  \begingroup
    \def\UrlFont{\acs@email@list@font}%
    \@tempcnta\z@\relax
    \@tempcntb\z@\relax
    \acs@email@list@aux
    \ifnum\@tempcntb=\z@\relax
      \acs@warning{%
        No e-mail given:\MessageBreak
        at lest one author must have a contact e-mail%
      }%
    \fi
  \endgroup
}
\newcommand*\acs@email@list@aux{%
  \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
  \ifnum\@tempcnta>\acs@author@cnt\relax\else
    \acs@ifundefined{@email@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
      \advance\@tempcntb\@ne\relax
      \ifnum\@tempcntb>\@ne\relax
        ;
      \fi
      \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\url\expandafter
        \expandafter\expandafter{%
           \csname @email@\@roman\@tempcnta\endcsname
      }%
    }%
    \expandafter\acs@email@list@aux
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@number@list}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@number@list@aux@i}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@number@list@aux@ii}
% Listing phone and fax numbers is easier as they don't have to be
% given. Everything is done in one block so that it is possible to know
% whether to add a new line and also to keep everything together.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@number@list{%
  \begingroup
    \acs@number@list@aux@i{phone}%
    \let\@tempb\@tempa
    \acs@number@list@aux@i{fax}%  
    \ifx\@tempa\@empty
      \let\@tempa\@tempb
    \else
      \ifx\@tempb\@empty\else
        \protected@edef\@tempa{%
          \@tempb.\space\@tempa
        }%
      \fi
    \fi
    \ifx\@tempa\@empty\else
      \par
      \@tempa
    \fi
  \endgroup
}
\newcommand*\acs@number@list@aux@i[1]{%
  \def\@tempa{}%
  \@tempcnta\z@\relax
  \def\acs@number@list@aux@ii{%
    \advance\@tempcnta\@ne\relax
    \ifnum\@tempcnta>\acs@author@cnt\relax\else
      \acs@ifundefined{@#1@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
        \acs@ifundefined{@email@\@roman\@tempcnta}{}{%
          \ifx\@tempa\@empty
            \edef\@tempa{%
              \@nameuse{@#1@\@roman\@tempcnta}%
            }%
          \else
            \edef\@tempa{%
              \@tempa
              ;
              \@nameuse{@#1@\@roman\@tempcnta}%
            }%
          \fi
        }%
      }%
      \expandafter\acs@number@list@aux@ii
    \fi
  }%
  \acs@number@list@aux@ii
  \ifx\@tempa\@empty\else
    \protected@edef\@tempa{%
      \MakeUppercase#1: \@tempa
    }%
  \fi
}
\newcommand*\acs@number@list@aux@ii{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\endabstract}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@abstract@extras}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\g@addto@macro\endabstract{%
  \aftergroup\acs@abstract@extras
}
\newcommand*{\acs@abstract@extras}{%
  \ifacs@abbreviations
    \acs@abbreviations@print
    \par
  \fi
  \ifacs@keywords
    \acs@keywords@print
    \par
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maketitle@extras}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maketitle@extras@hook}
% A couple of things might need to be added to \cs{maketitle}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@maketitle@extras{%
  \acs@maketitle@extras@hook
}
\newcommand*\acs@maketitle@extras@hook{}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\acs@maketitle@extras}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% \cs{maketitle} is required by the document class, and must start
% the document.  No variation is allowed, and so it is done
% automatically.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\g@addto@macro{\document}{\maketitle}
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\begin{environment}{scheme}
%\begin{environment}{chart}
%\begin{environment}{graph}
% Three new float types are provided, \texttt{scheme}, \texttt{chart}
% and \texttt{graph}.  These are the most obvious types; for graphs,
% a slight problem arises with the file extension.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newfloat{scheme}{htbp}{los}
\floatname{scheme}{Scheme}
\newfloat{chart}{htbp}{loc}
\floatname{chart}{Chart}
\newfloat{graph}{htbp}{loh}
\floatname{graph}{Graph}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{environment}
%\end{environment}
%\end{environment}
%\begin{macro}{\schemename}
%\begin{macro}{\chartname}
%\begin{macro}{\graphname}
% Naming is set up in the same way as the kernel floats.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\schemename{Scheme}
\newcommand*\chartname{Chart}
\newcommand*\graphname{Graph}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% The standard floats should appear ``here'' by default.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\floatplacement{table}{htbp}
\floatplacement{figure}{htbp}
\floatstyle{plaintop}
\restylefloat{table}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@floatboxreset}
% Floats are all centred.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\acs@floatboxreset\@floatboxreset
\def\@floatboxreset{%
  \centering
  \acs@floatboxreset
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\plainref}
%\begin{macro}{\ref}
% For legacy support.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\plainref{}
\AtBeginDocument{\let\plainref\ref}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@section}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@subsection}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@subsubsection}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@startsection@orig}
% Both the numbering and existence of section headers may need to be
% altered. Some generic functions are therefore provided to deal with
% this cleanly. First, some original definitions are saved.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@section{}
\let\acs@section\section
\newcommand*\acs@subsection{}
\let\acs@subsection\subsection
\newcommand*\acs@subsubsection{}
\let\acs@subsubsection\subsubsection
\newcommand*\acs@startsection@orig{}
\let\acs@startsection@orig\@startsection
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}  
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@startsection}
%  A version of \cs{@startsection} which adds unnumbered sections to
%  the TOC: modelled on \pkg{amsart}. This is active as standard.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\acs@startsection[6]{%
 \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
 \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
 \@afterindenttrue
 \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse\fi
 \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
     \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa\fi
 \@ifstar{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{\@m}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}%
         {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}%
}
\let\@startsection\acs@startsection
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@startsection@alt}
% An alternative version of \cs{@startsection} which never adds numbers.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@startsection@alt[6]{%
  \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
  \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
  \@afterindenttrue
 \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse\fi
 \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
     \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa\fi
  \@ifstar{\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}
          {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@sections@none}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@sections@none@aux}
% When removing sections entirely, a gobble macro is needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@sections@none{%
  \@ifstar{%
    \acs@sections@none@aux
  }{%
    \acs@sections@none@aux
  }%
}
\newcommand*\acs@sections@none@aux[2][]{%
  \acs@warning{%
    (Sub)section `#2' ignored%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\SectionNumbersOff}
%\begin{macro}{\SectionNumbersOn}
% To macros to add or remove the section numbers. The standard setting
% for the class has them on, but some configurations will turn them
% off. The names of these functions are both in design space so that
% users can change the decision easily.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\SectionNumbersOff{%
  \let\@startsection\acs@startsection@alt
}
\@onlypreamble\SectionNumbersOff
\newcommand*\SectionNumbersOn{%
  \let\@startsection\acs@startsection
}
\@onlypreamble\SectionNumbersOn
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\SectionsOff}
%\begin{macro}{\SectionsOn}
% Quite similar for entire sections.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\SectionsOff{%
  \let\section\acs@sections@none
  \let\subsection\acs@sections@none
  \let\subsubsection\acs@sections@none
}
\@onlypreamble\SectionsOff
\newcommand*\SectionsOn{%
  \let\section\acs@section
  \let\subsection\acs@subsection
  \let\subsubsection\acs@subsubsection
}
\@onlypreamble\SectionsOn
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\tableofcontents}
%   Never print TOC in itself.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
  \toks@=\expandafter{\tableofcontents}
  \xdef\tableofcontents{%
    \begingroup
      \let\noexpand\@startsection\noexpand\acs@startsection@orig
      \the\toks@
    \endgroup
  }
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%\begin{environment}{acknowledgement}
%\begin{environment}{suppinfo}
% Simple named sections.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{acknowledgement}{%
  \acs@section*{\acknowledgementname}%
}{}
\newenvironment{suppinfo}{%
  \acs@section*{\suppinfoname}%
}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{environment}
%\end{environment}
%\begin{macro}{\acknowledgementname}
%\begin{macro}{\bibsection}
%\begin{macro}{\suppinfoname}
% A few macros need to get around the changes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acknowledgementname{Acknowledgement}
\AtEndOfClass{%
  \def\bibsection{%
    \acs@section*{\refname}%
  }%
}
\newcommand*\suppinfoname{Supporting Information Available}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abstract}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@endabstract}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abstract@start}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abstract@end}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abstract@iffalse}
% Removing the abstract, if necessary, is done using a trick from the
% \pkg{comment} package. However, it code is copied here to keep
% requirements down.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@abstract{}
\let\acs@abstract\abstract
\newcommand*\acs@endabstract{}
\let\acs@endabstract\endabstract
\begingroup
  \catcode`{ \active
  \catcode`} 12\relax
  \catcode`( 1\relax
  \catcode`) 2\relax
  \gdef\acs@abstract@start(%
    \acs@warning(%
      Abstract not allowed for this\MessageBreak
       manuscript type
    )%
    \@bsphack
    \catcode`{ \active
    \catcode`} 12\relax
    \let\end\fi
    \let{\acs@abstract@end% }
    \iffalse
  )%{
  \gdef\acs@abstract@end#1}(%
    \def\@tempa(#1)%
    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
      \@Esphack\endgroup
      \if@ignore
        \global\@ignorefalse
        \ignorespaces
      \fi
    \else
       \expandafter\acs@abstract@iffalse
    \fi
  )
\endgroup
\newcommand*\acs@iffalse{\iffalse}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\AbstractOff}
%\begin{macro}{\AbstractOn}
% A very similar pattern to before.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\AbstractOff{%
  \let\abstract\acs@abstract@start
  \let\endabstract\acs@abstract@end
}
\@onlypreamble\AbstractOff
\newcommand*\AbstractOn{%
  \let\abstract\acs@abstract
  \let\endabstract\acs@endabstract
}
\@onlypreamble\AbstractOn
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@toks}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@content}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@content}
% The content of the graphic TOC entry is processed using a method from
% \pkg{amsmath} \emph{via} \pkg{environ}. The entire environment is
% gathered for typesetting in a box. First, some storage is needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\acs@collect@toks
\newtoks\acs@collect@empty@toks
\newcommand*\acs@collect@begins{}
\newcommand*\acs@collect@content{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@aux}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@begins@}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@collect@body}
% This is a \cs{long} version of \cs{collect@body}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\acs@collect[1]{%
  \acs@collect@toks{%
    \expandafter#1\expandafter{\the\acs@collect@toks}%
  }%
  \edef\acs@collect@content{%
    \the\acs@collect@toks
    \noexpand\end{\@currenvir}%
  }%
  \acs@collect@toks\acs@collect@empty@toks
  \def\acs@collect@begins{b}%
  \begingroup
    \expandafter\let\csname\@currenvir\endcsname\acs@collect@aux
    \edef\acs@collect@content{%
      \expandafter\noexpand\csname\@currenvir\endcsname
    }%
    \acs@collect@content
}
\newcommand*\acs@collect@aux{}
\long\def\acs@collect@aux#1\end#2{%
  \edef\acs@collect@begins{%
    \acs@collect@begins@#1\begin\end
    \expandafter\@gobble\acs@collect@begins
  }%
  \ifx\@empty\acs@collect@begins
    \endgroup
    \@checkend{#2}%
    \acs@collect@body{#1}%
  \else
    \acs@collect@body{#1\end{#2}}%
  \fi
  \acs@collect@content
}
\newcommand*\acs@collect@begins@{}
\long\def\acs@collect@begins@#1\begin#2{%
  \ifx\end#2\else
    b\expandafter\acs@collect@begins@
  \fi
}
\newcommand\acs@collect@body[1]{%
  \global\acs@collect@toks\expandafter{\the\acs@collect@toks#1}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@abstract@print}
% Delayed abstract printing works in a similar way, but with some
% formatting `built-in'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\acs@abstract@print[1]{%
  \global\long\def\acs@abstract@text{%
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse\newpage
    \fi
    \acs@section*{Abstract}%
    #1%
    \if@restonecol
      \twocolumn
    \else
      \newpage
    \fi
  }%
  \AtEndDocument{\acs@abstract@text}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@tocentry@print}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@tocentry@print@aux}
% \begin{macro}{\acs@tocentry@text}
% The same approach is taken for the graphical table of content
% printing. This is done in a box so that everything has a frame around
% it.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\acs@tocentry@print}[1]{%
  \gdef\acs@tocentry@text{\normalsize#1}%
  \AtEndDocument{%
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse\newpage
    \fi
    \acs@tocentry@print@aux
    \if@restonecol
      \twocolumn
    \else
      \newpage
    \fi
  }%
}
\newcommand*{\acs@tocentry@print@aux}{%
  \begingroup
    \let\@startsection\acs@startsection@orig
    \acs@section*{\tocentryname}%
    \tocsize
    \sffamily
    \singlespacing
    \begin{center}
      \fbox
        {%
          \begin{minipage}{\acs@tocentry@width}
            \vbox to \acs@tocentry@height{\acs@tocentry@text}%
          \end{minipage}%
        }%
    \end{center}%
  \endgroup
}
\newcommand*\acs@tocentry@text{TOC ENTRY REQUIRED}
\newlength{\acs@tocentry@height}
\newlength{\acs@tocentry@width}
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@height}{1.75in}
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@width}{3.25in}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%\begin{environment}{tocentry}
% Actually creating the entry is pretty easy.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{tocentry}{\acs@collect\acs@tocentry@print}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{environment}
%\begin{macro}{\tocentryname}
% A simple name macro.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\tocentryname{TOC Graphic}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\tocsize}
% The font size for printing the TOC entry.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\tocsize{%
  \@setfontsize\tocsize\@viiipt\@ixpt
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\begin{macro}{\acs@type@list}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@type@default}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@type@check}
% Different journals allow different types of article. A list is set
% up here: different journals can then alter it. A check function
% is also provided along with a default.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@type@list{article,communication,suppinfo}
\newcommand*\acs@type@default{article}
\newcommand*\acs@type@check{%
  \@tempswafalse
  \@for\@tempa:=\acs@type@list\do{%
    \ifx\@tempa\acs@manuscript
      \expandafter\@tempswatrue
    \fi
  }%
  \if@tempswa\else
    \acs@warning{%
      Invalid manuscript type \acs@manuscript:\MessageBreak
      changed to default type \acs@type@default
    }%
    \let\acs@manuscript\acs@type@default
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
% A few bits for older versions.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@setkeys{\setkeys{acs}}
\let\acs@killabstract\AbstractOff
\let\acs@killsecs\SectionsOff
\newcommand*\acs@validtype[2][article]{%
  \def\acs@type@default{#1}%
  \def\acs@type@list{#2}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%\begin{macro}{\acs@par}
% A saved paragraph.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@par{}
\let\acs@par\par
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@layout@shared}
%\begin{environment}{acknowledgement}
%\begin{environment}{suppinfo}
% Some code is used generally when setting up ``press ready'' layouts.
% There is quite a bit here, mainly layout related.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@layout@shared{%
  \AtBeginDocument{\singlespacing}%
  \twocolumn
  \tolerance=2000\relax
  \emergencystretch=10pt\relax
  \geometry{
    letterpaper,
    top    = 12.7mm,
    bottom = 16.8mm,
    left   = 19.3mm,
    right  = 19.3mm
  }%
  \setlength{\columnsep}{8.1mm}%
  \setlength{\parindent}{3.3mm}%
  \renewenvironment{acknowledgement}{%
    \def\@tempa{acknowledgement}%
    \ifx\@currenvir\@tempa
      \let\par\relax
      \acksize
      \vspace{6pt}%
      \textbf{\acknowledgementname}%
    \else
      \acs@section*{\acknowledgementname}%
    \fi
  }{%
    \acs@par
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{environment}
%\end{environment}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acksize}
%\begin{macro}{\suppsize}
% More sizes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acksize{\normalsize}
\newcommand*\suppsize{\normalsize}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@layout@nine}
%\begin{macro}{\@xipt}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@layout@ten}
% The class loads twelve point text. To reset it for print layouts, it
% is easiest to do things directly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@layout@nine{%
  \def\@xipt{11}%
  \long\def\normalsize{%
    \@setfontsize\normalsize\@ixpt\@xipt
  }%
  \normalsize
  \let\@listi\@listI
  \abovedisplayskip 5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus 5\p@\relax
  \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@\relax
  \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus 3\p@\relax
  \belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip\relax
  \abovecaptionskip 5\p@\relax
  \intextsep 7\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@\relax
}
\newcommand*\acs@layout@ten{%
  \long\def\normalsize{%
    \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
  }%
  \normalsize
  \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
  \let\@listi\@listI
  \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@\relax
  \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@\relax
  \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax
  \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip\relax
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
% With all of the standard settings done, the journal configuration can
% be loaded.   
%    \begin{macrocode}
\InputIfFileExists{achemso-\acs@journal.cfg}{}{%
  \acs@warning{%
    Unknown journal `\acs@journal':\MessageBreak
    using default configuration JACSAT%
  }%
  \input{achemso-jacsat.cfg}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Suppress spurious warnings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\@unusedoptionlist\@empty
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%\begin{macro}{\thepage}     
% Some changes that can always be applied if the manuscript type is
% appropriate: this saves some repetition in the configuration files.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\acs@type@check
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@note
  \SectionsOff
\fi
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@review
  \SectionsOn
  \SectionNumbersOn
\fi
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@suppinfo
  \setkeys{acs}{maxauthors = 0}
  \def\thepage{S-\arabic{page}}
  \renewcommand*\thefigure{S\@arabic\c@figure}
  \renewcommand*\thescheme{S\@arabic\c@scheme}
  \renewcommand*\thetable{S\@arabic\c@table}
  \AtBeginDocument
    {%
      \renewcommand*\citenumfont[1]{S#1}%
      \renewcommand*\bibnumfmt[1]{(S#1)}%
    }
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}  
%\end{macro}
%
% Set up two column layout.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
  \def\@tempa{twocolumn}
  \ifx\acs@layout\@tempa
    \aftergroup\acs@layout@shared
  \fi
  \def\@tempa{two-column}
  \ifx\acs@layout\@tempa
    \aftergroup\acs@layout@shared
  \fi
\endgroup
%</class>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\subsection{Late shared code}
%
%\begin{macro}{\citenumfont}
% Changes to citations can now be made. The citation styles supplied
% here require \pkg{natbib}, which is loaded with the appropriate
% options. This part applies to the package as well as the class: it is
% here so that the load order is correct.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*class|package>
\ifacs@super
  \RequirePackage[sort&compress,numbers,super]{natbib}
\else
  \RequirePackage[sort&compress,numbers,round]{natbib}
  \def\citenumfont{\textit}
\fi
\define@key{acs}{super}[true]{%
  \def\@tempa{#1}%
  \def\@tempb{true}%
  \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
    \setcitestyle{super,open={},close={}}%
    \renewcommand*\citenumfont{}%
  \else
    \setcitestyle{round}%
    \renewcommand*\citenumfont{\textit}
  \fi
}
\RequirePackage{natmove}
%    \end{macrocode} 
%\end{macro}
% The \pkg{mciteplus} package allows the construction of lists of
% references with sub-letters. However, it might not be available, and
% so it is only loaded if available: the \file{.bst} files should work
% either way. There is also a patch to get cross-references correct
% with the modified \cs{ref} macro used here. The reason for ensuring
% that \cs{@mciteNatbibCiteCmdList} is defined is that it allows for
% the case where people prevent \pkg{mciteplus} being loaded using
% \cs{ver@mciteplus.sty}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\IfFileExists{mciteplus.sty}{%
  \RequirePackage{mciteplus}
  \providecommand*{\@mciteNatbibCiteCmdList}{}%
  \edef\@tempa{\noexpand\in@{citenum}{\@mciteNatbibCiteCmdList}}%
  \@tempa
  \ifin@
  \else
    \edef\@mciteNatbibCiteCmdList{\@mciteNatbibCiteCmdList,citenum}%
  \fi
%<*!package>
  \def\@mciteSubRef[##1]##2{\plainref{\@mcitereflabelprefix:##1:##2}}
%</!package>
}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bibstyle}
% The next step is to sort out bibliography formatting. With both the
% package and the class, the bibliography style is determined without
% user intervention. The style is stored as it may need to be
% altered later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@bibstyle{achemso}
\ifacs@biochem
  \def\acs@bibstyle{biochem}
  \bibliographystyle{biochem}
\else
  \bibliographystyle{achemso}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@bibliographystyle}
%\begin{macro}{\bibliographystyle}
% The original \cs{bibliographystyle} macro is now disabled: the
% underlying command is repeated otherwise problems cop up with
% \pkg{chapterbib}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@bibliographystyle{}
\let\acs@bibliographystyle\bibliographystyle
\def\bibliographystyle#1{%
  \acs@warning{\string\bibliographystyle\space ignored}%
  \expandafter\acs@bibliographystyle\expandafter{\acs@bibstyle}%
}
%</class|package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%   
%\subsection{Late package-only code}
%
% The \pkg{notes2bib} code may or may not be activated.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*package>
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{notes2bib}{}{%
    \acs@niib@create
  }%
}
%</package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%   
%\subsection{Moving citations with \pkg{natbib}}
%
% The code for moving citations is created as a separate package, as
% the code needed is the same in both cases.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*natmove>
\ProvidesPackage{natmove}
  [2010/01/15 v1.1a Automatic citation moving with natbib]
\RequirePackage{natbib}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@ifmtarg}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@xifmtarg}
% To keep down dependence on other packages, the very short code block
% from \pkg{ifmtarg} is copied here with an internal name.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@ifmtarg{}
\newcommand*\nmv@xifmtarg{}
\begingroup
  \catcode`\Q 3\relax
  \long\gdef\nmv@ifmtarg#1{%
    \nmv@xifmtarg#1QQ\@secondoftwo\@firstoftwo\@nil
  }
  \long\gdef\nmv@xifmtarg#1#2Q#3#4#5\@nil{#4}
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\ifnmv@cite}
% A flag is need to watch whether \cs{cite} or another macro is in use.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifnmv@cite
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex}
% Using the flag, either the new internal macro, or the \pkg{natbib}
% original, can be called.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex{%
  \ifnmv@cite
    \expandafter\nmv@citex@moving
  \else
    \expandafter\nmv@citex@nat
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@after}
% Later, the argument for \cs{cite} will need to be saved.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@after{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@moving}
% The new version of \cs{@citex} is needed that looks ahead of the
% citation using \cs{futurelet}.  There are three arguments to
% \cs{@citex} when using \pkg{natbib}.  Other than that, the trick
% used here is similar to that in \pkg{cite}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@moving{}
\def\nmv@citex@moving[#1][#2]#3{%
  \leavevmode
  \skip@\lastskip\relax
  \unskip
  \begingroup
    \def\nmv@after{\nmv@citex@nat[#1][#2]{#3}}%
    \global\nmv@citefalse
    \nmv@citex@get@next\relax
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@end}
% To get things right at the end.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@end{%
    \nmv@after
  \endgroup
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@get@next}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@next}
% The next token on the input stack is saved into
% \cs{nmv@citex@next}, after gobbling up one token.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@get@next[1]{%
  \futurelet\nmv@citex@next\nmv@citex@punct
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@punct}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@punct@undouble}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@loop}
% The working macro for moving the punctuation.  This is very much
% like \cs{@citey} in the \pkg{cite} package. The initial assumption
% is that the loop will terminate, and so the recursion call will
% simply do the finalisation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@punct{%
  \let\nmv@citex@loop\nmv@citex@end
  \ifx\nmv@citex@next.\relax
    \ifnum\spacefactor<\nmv@citex@sfac\else
      \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\nmv@citex@punct@undouble
    \fi
  \fi
  \expandafter\nmv@citex@punct@aux\natmovechars\@nil
  \nmv@citex@loop
}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@punct@undouble{%
  \let\nmv@citex@next\relax
  \let\nmv@citex@loop\nmv@citex@get@next
}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@loop{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@punct@aux}
% The final part of the punctuation moving system.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@punct@aux[1]{%
  \ifx\nmv@citex@next#1\@empty
    #1%
    \let\nmv@citex@loop\nmv@citex@get@next
  \fi
  \ifx#1\@nil\else
    \expandafter\nmv@citex@punct@aux
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@sfac}
% The value of the spacing factor after a full stop is used to signal
% doubled punctuation.  For French spacing, a bit of patching is
% needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mathchardef\nmv@citex@sfac3000\relax
\expandafter\def\expandafter\frenchspacing\expandafter{%
  \frenchspacing
  \mathchardef\nmv@citex@sfac1001\relax
  \sfcode`\.\nmv@citex@sfac
  \sfcode`\?\nmv@citex@sfac
  \sfcode`\!\nmv@citex@sfac
}
\ifnum\sfcode`\.=\@m
  \frenchspacing
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@citex@nat}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@activate}
%\begin{macro}{\cite}
% The swap has to be done at the beginning of the document. The
% internal flag from \pkg{natbib} is used, but under the
% circumstances we should be safe.  \cs{cite} is also patched to make
% the system active.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@citex@nat{}
\newcommand*\nmv@activate{%
  \let\nmv@citex@nat\@citex
  \let\@citex\nmv@citex
  \let\nmv@cite\cite
  \renewcommand*{\cite}[2][]{%
    \nmv@ifmtarg{##1}{%
      \nmv@citetrue
      \nmv@cite{##2}%
    }{%
      \nmv@citefalse
      \nmv@cite[##1]{##2}}%
  }%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\nmv@natbib@detect}
% So that \pkg{natbib} options can be set without worrying about load
% order, \pkg{natmove} doesn't require \pkg{natbib}. So a test is needed
% to see if it is actually loaded. This is done as a macro so that the
% effect can be changed by \pkg{achemso}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\nmv@natbib@detect{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
    \ifNAT@super
      \expandafter\nmv@activate
    \fi
  }{%
    \PackageInfo{natmove}{%
      The natbib package is not loaded.\MessageBreak
      Loading natmove will do nothing
    }%
  }%
}
\AtBeginDocument{\nmv@natbib@detect}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\natmovechars}
% A user macro is needed for moving characters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\natmovechars{.,;:}
%</natmove>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%
%\subsection{The configuration files}
%
% The configuration files for different journals are not very complex.
% Keeping everything separate simply helps with maintenance.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*abmcb8>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-abmcb8.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Bio. Med. Chem. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</abmcb8>
%<*aeacb3>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aeacb3.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Eng. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aeacb3>
%<*aeacc4>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aeacc4.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Env. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aeacc4>
%<*amacgu>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amacgu.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Mater. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</amacgu>
%<*amachv>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amachv.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Meas. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</amachv>
%<*anaccx>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-anaccx.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Nanosci. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</anaccx>
%<*abmcb8>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-abmcb8.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Bio. Med. Chem. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</abmcb8>
%<*aoiab5>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aoiab5.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Org. Inorg. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aoiab5>
%<*apcach>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-apcach.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Phys. Bio. Med. Chem. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</apcach>
%<*appccd>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-appccd.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Polym. Au]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</appccd>
%<*achre4>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-achre4.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Acc. Chem. Res.]
\setkeys{acs}{biblabel = plain}
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\def\abstractname{Conspectus}
%</achre4>
%<*aaembp>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aaembp.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aaembp>
%<*aaemcq>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aaemcq.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Appl. Energy Mater.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aaemcq>
%<*aamick>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aamick.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aamick>
%<*aanmf6>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aanmf6.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Appl. Nano Mater.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aanmf6>
%<*aapmcd>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aapmcd.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aapmcd>
%<*aastgj>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aastgj.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Agri. Sci. Tech.]
\def\acs@type@list{account,article,letter,retraction,review,viewpoint,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aastgj>
%<*abseba>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-abseba.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,suppinfo}
%</abseba>
%<*accacs>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-accacs.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Catal.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,review,viewpoints,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</accacs>
%<*acscii>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-acscii.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Central Sci.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{doi = true}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</acscii>
%<*acbcct>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-acbcct.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Chem. Biol.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  biblabel = fullstop,
  biochem  = true,
  super    = false
}
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</acbcct>
%<*acncdm>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-acncdm.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Chem. Neurosci.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,letter,suppinfo,viewpoint}
\setkeys{acs}{
  biblabel = fullstop,
  biochem  = true,
  keywords = true,
  super    = false
}
%</acncdm>
%<*acsccc>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-acsccc.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Combinatorial Sci.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,review,perspective,account,note,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</acsccc>
%<*aesccq>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aesccq.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Earth Space Chem.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aesccq>
%<*aelccp>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aelccp.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Energy Lett.]
\def\acs@type@list{letter,perspective,review,viewpoint,focus}
\SectionsOff
%</aelccp>
%<*aeecco>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aeecco.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS ES&T Eng.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,feature,perspective,review,viewpoint}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aeecco>
%<*aewcaa>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aewcaa.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS ES&T Water]
\def\acs@type@list{article,feature,perspective,review,viewpoint}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</aewcaa>
%<*afsthl>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-afsthl.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Food Sci. Tech.]
\def\acs@type@list{account,article,perspective,retraction,review,viewpoint}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
%</afsthl>
%<*ascefj>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-ascefj.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Infect. Dis.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,review,viewpoint,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\SectionsOff
%</ascefj>
%<*amlccd>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amlccd.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Macro Lett.]
\def\acs@type@list{letter,suppinfo}
\SectionsOff
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@height}{4cm}
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@width}{8cm}
%</amlccd>
%<*amlcef>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amlcef.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Mater. Lett.]
\def\acs@type@list{letter,perspective,review,viewpoint,focus}
\SectionsOff
%</amlcef>
%<*amclct>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amclct.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Med. Chem. Lett.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</amclct>
%<*amrcda>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-amrcda.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Acc. Mater. Res.]
\def\acs@type@list{account,article,editorial,retraction,suppinfo}
%</amrcda>
%<*ancac3>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-ancac3.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Nano]
\setkeys{acs}{
  abbreviations = true,
  biblabel      = fullstop,
  etalmode      = truncate,
  maxauthors    = 20,
  keywords      = true
}
\def\acs@type@list{article,perspective,suppinfo}
\newcommand*{\latin}[1]{\emph{#1}}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</ancac3>
%<*acsodf>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-acsodf.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Omega.]
\def\acs@type@list{article}
%</acsodf>
%<*apchd5>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-apchd5.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Photon.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,review,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@letter
  \SectionNumbersOff
\fi
%</apchd5>
%<*aidcbc>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-aidcbc.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Sensors]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,review,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</aidcbc>
%<*ascecg>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-ascecg.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Sustainable Chem Eng.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  biblabel = fullstop,
  keywords = true
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\def\acs@type@list{article,feature,letter,perspective,review,suppinfo}
%</ascecg>
%<*asbcd6>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-asbcd6.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: ACS Synth. Biol.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  abbreviations = true,
  biblabel      = fullstop,
  biochem       = true,
  keywords      = true,
  super         = false
}
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,note,tutorial,review,suppinfo}
%</asbcd6>
%<*ancham>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-ancham.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Anal. Chem.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,note,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</ancham>
%<*bichaw>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-bichaw.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Biochemistry]
\setkeys{acs}{
  abbreviations = true,
  biblabel      = brackets,
  biochem       = true,
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\def\acs@maketitle@extras@hook{%
  \par
  \acs@title@short@print
}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\newpage}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@author@fnsymbol}
% Some changes to do with footnotes: symbols are different and symbol
% number one can only be used for the title.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\acs@author@fnsymbol#1{%
  \ensuremath{%
    \ifcase #1 *\or
      \dagger\or
        \ddagger\or
          \S\or
            \parallel\or
              \perp\or
                \P\or
                  \|\or
                    \bot\or
                      \#\or
                        @\or
                          \triangle\or
                            \nabla\else
                              #1%
    \fi
  }%
}
\def\@maketitle@title@hook{%
  \ifnum\acs@footnote@cnt>\@ne
  \else
    \global\acs@footnote@cnt\@ne
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</bichaw>
%<*bcches>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-bcches.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Bioconjugate Chem.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  biochem = true,
  super   = false
}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</bcches>
%<*bomaf6>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-bomaf6.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Biomacromolecules]
\def\acs@type@list{article,comment,communication,note,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
\AtEndOfClass{\SectionsOn}
%</bomaf6>
%<*crtoec>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-crtoec.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Chem. Res. Toxicol.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  abbreviations = true,
  biochem       = true,
  keywords      = true
}
\def\acs@maketitle@extras@hook{%
  \par
  \acs@title@short@print
}
\def\acs@type@list{%
  article,perspective,profile,review,suppinfo%
}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</crtoec>
%<*chreay>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-chreay.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Chem. Rev.]
\def\acs@type@default{review}
\def\acs@type@list{review}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The references section is numbered in \emph{Chem.\ Rev.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\bibsection{\acs@section{\refname}}
%</chreay>
%<*cmatex>
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProvidesFile{achemso-cmatex.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Chem. Mater.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\SectionNumbersOff
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication
  \AbstractOff
  \SectionsOff
\fi
%</cmatex>
%<*cgdefu>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-cgdefu.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Cryst. Growth Des.]
\def\acs@type@list{%
  article,communication,perspective,suppinfo%
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication
  \SectionsOff
\fi
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@height}{8.9 cm}
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@width}{4.6 cm}
%</cgdefu>
%<*enfuem>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-enfuem.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Energy Fuels]
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</enfuem>
%<*esthag>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-esthag.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Environ. Sci. Technol.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,feature,perspective,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</esthag>
%<*estlcu>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-estlcu.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.]
\def\acs@type@list{letter,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</estlcu>
%<*iecred>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-iecred.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.]
\setkeys{acs}{biblabel = brackets}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</iecred>
%<*inoraj>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-inoraj.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Inorg. Chem.]
\SectionNumbersOff
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication
  \AbstractOff
  \SectionsOff
\fi
\setkeys{acs}{doi = true}
%</inoraj>
%<*jaaucr>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jaaucr.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: JACS Au]
\def\acs@type@list{spotlight,account,article,communication,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
%</jaaucr>
%<*jafcau>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jafcau.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Agric. Food Chem.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</jafcau>
%<*jceda8>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jceda8.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Chem. Ed.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\SectionNumbersOff
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</jceda8>
%<*jceaax>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jceaax.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Chem. Eng. Data]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\def\refname{Literature Cited}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</jceaax>
%<*jcisd8>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jcisd8.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Chem. Inf. Model.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</jcisd8>
%<*jctcce>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jctcce.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Chem. Theory Comput.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{maxauthors = 0}
%</jctcce>
%<*jmcmar>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jmcmar.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Med. Chem.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,perspective,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@height}{5.5cm}
\setlength{\acs@tocentry@width}{21cm}
%</jmcmar>
%<*jnprdf>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jnprdf.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Nat. Prod.]
\renewcommand*{\abstractname}{ABSTRACT}
\renewcommand*{\acknowledgementname}{ACKNOWLEDGEMENT}
\renewcommand*{\suppinfoname}{ASSOCIATED CONTENT}
\SectionNumbersOff
\renewcommand*{\acs@abstract}{%
  \quotation
  \textbf{\abstractname :}%
}
\AbstractOn
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication
  \AbstractOff
  \SectionsOff
\fi
\def\refname{REFERENCES}
\captionsetup{
  labelfont = bf,
  labelsep  = period
}
%</jnprdf>
%<*joceah>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-joceah.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Org. Chem.]
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication
  \AbstractOff
  \SectionsOff
\fi
\floatstyle{plaintop}
\restylefloat{scheme}
\floatstyle{plain}
\renewcommand*\acs@type@list{article,communication,note,perspective,review,suppinfo}
%</joceah>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*jpcafh>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jpcafh.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Phys. Chem. A]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{
  etalmode     = truncate,
  maxauthors   = 10
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\captionsetup[table]{labelfont=bf,textfont=bf}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Title
%    \begin{macrocode}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\newpage}
%</jpcafh>
%<*jpcbfk>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jpcbfk.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Phys. Chem. B]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{
  etalmode     = truncate,
  maxauthors   = 10
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\captionsetup[table]{labelfont=bf,textfont=bf}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\newpage}
%</jpcbfk>
%<*jpccck>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jpccck.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Phys. Chem. C]
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\setkeys{acs}{
  etalmode     = truncate,
  maxauthors   = 10
}
\SectionNumbersOff
\captionsetup[table]{labelfont=bf,textfont=bf}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\newpage}
%</jpccck>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*jpclcd>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jpclcd.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.]
\setkeys{acs}{
  etalmode   = truncate,
  maxauthors = 10
}
\def\acs@type@default{letter}
\def\acs@type@list{letter}
\SectionNumbersOff
\captionsetup[table]{labelfont=bf,textfont=bf}
\g@addto@macro{\maketitle}{\newpage}
\renewcommand{\acs@tocentry@print}[1]{%
  \gdef\acs@tocentry@text{#1}%
}
\renewcommand*{\acs@abstract@extras}{%
  \begingroup
    \acs@tocentry@print@aux
  \endgroup
  \acs@keywords@print
  \newpage
}
\setlength\acs@tocentry@height{2in}
\setlength\acs@tocentry@width{2in}
%</jpclcd>
%<*jprobs>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jprobs.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Proteome Res.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@list{article,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</jprobs>
%    \end{macrocode}
% The \emph{J.~Am.\ Chem.\ Soc.}~configuration is rather more
% complicated as there is the need to construct a ``galley-like''
% layout for communications.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*jacsat>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-jacsat.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: J. Am. Chem. Soc.]
\SectionNumbersOff
\ifx\acs@manuscript\acs@manuscript@communication\else
  \expandafter\endinput
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Everything from here onward applies only to communications. Some
% adjustments are now made using the existing tools.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setkeys{acs}{
  email  = true,
  layout = twocolumn
}
\SectionsOff
\acs@layout@nine
%    \end{macrocode}
%      
%\begin{environment}{abstract}
% The abstract appears at the start of the document, with lines around
% it.s
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
  \hrule
  \vspace{2 mm}%
  \sffamily
  \noindent
  \emph{\textbf{Abstract:}}%
}{%
  \vspace{2 mm}%
  \hrule
  \vspace{6 mm}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{environment}
%
%\begin{macro}{\acksize}
%\begin{macro}{\affilsize}
%\begin{macro}{\authorsize}
%\begin{macro}{\emailsize}
%\begin{macro}{\capsize}
%\begin{macro}{\refsize}
%\begin{macro}{\suppsize}
%\begin{macro}{\titlesize}
% To keep things logical, the size macros are given names related to
% their function. Some of these are new, some are defined in the class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\affilsize{%
  \@setfontsize\affilsize\@ixpt\@xpt
}
\def\acksize{%
  \@setfontsize\acksize\@ixpt\@xipt
}
\def\authorsize{%
  \@setfontsize\authorsize{10.5}{12.5}%
}
\newcommand*\capsize{%
  \@setfontsize\capsize\@viiipt\@ixpt
}
\def\emailsize{%
  \@setfontsize\emailsize\@viiipt{15}%
}
\newcommand*\refsize{%
  \@setfontsize\refsize{7.5}{7.5}%
}
\def\suppsize{%
  \@setfontsize\suppsize{8.5}{10.5}%
}
\def\titlesize{%
  \@setfontsize\titlesize\@xiipt{13}%
}
\let\footnotesize\refsize
\let\captionfont\capsize
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\emailfont}
% A slight font change.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\emailfont{\sffamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\ps@plain}
%\begin{macro}{\ps@jacs}
% The header styles are done the hard way, to keep down the number of
% packages loaded.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\ps@plain{%
  \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
  \let\@oddhead\@empty
  \def\@oddfoot{%
    \reset@font
    \sffamily
    \textbf{\thepage}%
    \hfil
  }%
  \let\@evenhead\@empty
  \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}
\def\ps@acs{%
  \def\@oddfoot{%
    \reset@font
    \sffamily
    \textbf{\thepage}%
    \hfil
  }%
  \def\@evenfoot{%
    \reset@font
    \hfil
    \sffamily
    \textbf{\thepage}%
  }%
  \def\@oddhead{}%
  \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
}
\pagestyle{acs}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@pre@title}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@title}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@author}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@address}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@space@post@email}
% Length adjustments for the title.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setlength\acs@space@pre@title{16mm}
\setlength\acs@space@post@title{0mm}
\setlength\acs@space@post@author{0mm}
\setlength\acs@space@post@address{0mm}
\setlength\acs@space@post@email{-1mm}
\setlength\acs@maketitle@width{152.4mm}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@contact@details}
% Contact details are different here.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\acs@contact@details{%
  Received \today; E-mail: \acs@email@list
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@maketitle@extras}
% No keywords or abbreviations for \emph{J.~Am.\ Chem.\ Soc.}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\acs@maketitle@extras\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
% Getting the floats correct is a difficult task ``by hand''; using
% the \pkg{caption} package makes this a lot easier.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\floatstyle{plaintop}
\restylefloat{scheme}
\floatstyle{plain}
\DeclareCaptionLabelSeparator{perquad}{.\quad}
\captionsetup{
  singlelinecheck = off,
  labelfont       = {bf,it,sf},
  textfont        = sf,
  labelsep        = perquad
}
\captionsetup[figure]{textfont=rm}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\begin{macro}{\acs@table}
%\begin{macro}{\table}
% A patch or \cs{table}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*\acs@table{}
\let\acs@table\table
\def\table{%
  \capsize
  \acs@table
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\end{macro}
% The bibliography has to be adjusted.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \def\bibsection{%
    \@startsection
      {section}
      {1}
      {\z@}{\z@}{2.5mm}%
      {\normalfont\acksize\bfseries}
      {\hrule\nobreak\vspace{1.2mm}\noindent\refname}%
  }%
  \let\bibfont\refsize
  \setlength{\bibhang}{0.61cm}%
  \setlength{\bibsep}{0mm}%
}
%</jacsat>
%<*langd5>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-langd5.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Langmuir]
\def\acs@type@list{article,letter,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</langd5>
%<*mamobx>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-mamobx.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Macromolecules]
\SectionNumbersOff
\setkeys{acs}{doi = true}
%</mamobx>
%<*mpohbp>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-mpohbp.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Mol. Pharm.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@list{article,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</mpohbp>
%<*nalefd>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-nalefd.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Nano Lett.]
\setkeys{acs}{keywords = true}
\def\acs@type@default{letter}
\def\acs@type@list{letter}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</nalefd>
%<*orlef7>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-orlef7.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Org. Lett.]
\def\acs@type@default{communication}
\def\acs@type@list{communication}
\SectionNumbersOff
\setkeys{acs}{layout = twocolumn}
\RequirePackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{orglett}{RGB}{128,0,0}
%</orlef7>
%<*oprdfk>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-oprdfk.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Org. Proc. Res. Dev.]
\def\acs@type@list{article,highlight,review,suppinfo}
\SectionNumbersOff
%</oprdfk>
%<*orgnd7>
\ProvidesFile{achemso-orgnd7.cfg}
  [2024-01-30 v3.13g achemso configuration: Organometallics]
\SectionNumbersOff
%</orgnd7>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\Finale
%
%\iffalse
%<*bst>
% Database entries

ENTRY
  {
    address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    ctrl-article-title
    ctrl-chapter-title
    ctrl-doi
    ctrl-etal-firstonly
    ctrl-etal-number
    ctrl-use-title
    doi
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    maintitle
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    url
    version
    volume
    year
  }
  { }
  {
    label
    short.names
  }
 
% Generic logic functions, from the core BibTeX styles

FUNCTION { and } {
    { }
    {
      pop$
      #0
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { not } {
    { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { or } {
    {
      pop$
      #1
    }
    { }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { xor } {
    { not }
    { }
  if$ 
}
 
% Generic functions for basic manipulations: many of these
% come from the core BibTeX styles or 'Tame the BeaST'

FUNCTION { chr.to.value.error } {
  #48 +
  int.to.chr$
  "'" swap$ *
  "'" *
  " is not a number: treated as zero." *
  warning$
  #0
}

FUNCTION { chr.to.value } {
  chr.to.int$ #48 -
  duplicate$
  #0 <
    { chr.to.value.error }
    {
      duplicate$
      #9 >
        { chr.to.value.error }
        { }
      if$ 
    }
  if$ 
}

STRINGS {
  extract.input.str
  extract.output.str
}

FUNCTION { is.a.digit } {
  duplicate$
  "" =
    {
      pop$
      #0
    }
    {
      chr.to.int$
      #48 -
      duplicate$
     #0 < swap$ #9 > or not
   }
  if$
}

FUNCTION{ is.a.number } {
  {
    duplicate$
    #1 #1 substring$
    is.a.digit
  }
    { #2 global.max$ substring$ }
  while$
  "" =
}

FUNCTION { extract.number } {
  duplicate$
  'extract.input.str :=
  "" 'extract.output.str :=
  { extract.input.str empty$ not }
    {
      extract.input.str #1 #1 substring$
      extract.input.str #2 global.max$ substring$ 'extract.input.str :=
      duplicate$
      is.a.number
        { extract.output.str swap$ * 'extract.output.str := }
        {
          pop$
          "" 'extract.input.str :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
  extract.output.str empty$
    { }
    {
      pop$
      extract.output.str
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { field.or.null } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      ""
    }
    { }
  if$
}

INTEGERS {
  multiply.a.int
  multiply.b.int
}

FUNCTION { multiply } {
  'multiply.a.int :=
  'multiply.b.int :=
  multiply.b.int #0 <
    {
      #-1
      #0 multiply.b.int - 'multiply.b.int :=
    }
    { #1 }
  if$
  #0
  { multiply.b.int #0 > } 
    {
      multiply.a.int +
      multiply.b.int #1 - 'multiply.b.int :=
    }
  while$
  swap$
    { }
    { #0 swap$ - }
  if$ 
}

INTEGERS { str.conversion.int }

FUNCTION { str.to.int.aux.ii } {
  {
    duplicate$
    empty$ not
  }
    {
      swap$
      #10 multiply 'str.conversion.int :=
      duplicate$
      #1 #1 substring$
      chr.to.value
      str.conversion.int +
      swap$
      #2 global.max$ substring$
    }
  while$
  pop$
}

FUNCTION { str.to.int.aux.i } {
  duplicate$
  #1 #1 substring$
  "-" =
   {
      #1 swap$
      #2 global.max$ substring$
    }
    {
      #0 swap$
    }
  if$ 
  #0
  swap$
  str.to.int.aux.ii
  swap$
    { #0 swap$ - }
    { }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { str.to.int } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      #0
    }
    { str.to.int.aux.i }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { tie.or.space.connect } {
 duplicate$
 text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION { yes.no.to.bool } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      #0
    }
    {
      "l" change.case$
      "yes" =
        { #1 }
        { #0 }
      if$ 
    }
  if$ 
}

% Functions of formatting

FUNCTION { bold } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      ""
    }
    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { emph } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      ""
    }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}


FUNCTION { paren } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    {
      pop$
      ""
    }
    { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
  if$
}

% Functions for punctuation

FUNCTION { add.comma } { ", " * }

FUNCTION { add.colon } {  ": " * }

FUNCTION { add.period } { add.period$ " " * }

FUNCTION { add.semicolon } { "; " * }

FUNCTION { add.space } { " " * }

% Bibliography strings: fixed values collected into functions

FUNCTION { bbl.and }     { "and" }

FUNCTION { bbl.chapter } { "Chapter" }

FUNCTION { bbl.doi }     { "DOI:" }

FUNCTION { bbl.editor }  { "Ed." }

FUNCTION { bbl.editors } { "Eds." }

FUNCTION { bbl.edition } { "ed." }

FUNCTION { bbl.etal }    { "\latin{et~al.}" }

FUNCTION { bbl.in }      { "In" }

FUNCTION { bbl.inpress } { "in press" }

FUNCTION { bbl.msc }     { "M.Sc.\ thesis" }

FUNCTION { bbl.page }    { "p" }

FUNCTION { bbl.pages }   { "pp" }

FUNCTION { bbl.phd }     { "Ph.D.\ thesis" }

FUNCTION { bbl.version } { "version" }

FUNCTION { bbl.volume }  { "Vol." }

% Functions for number formatting

STRINGS { pages.str }

FUNCTION { hyphen.to.dash } {
  'pages.str :=
  ""
  { pages.str empty$ not }
    {
      pages.str #1 #1 substring$
      "-" =
        {
          "--" *
          {
            pages.str #1 #1 substring$
            "-" =
          }
            { pages.str #2 global.max$ substring$ 'pages.str := }
          while$
        }
        {
          pages.str #1 #1 substring$
          *
          pages.str #2 global.max$ substring$ 'pages.str :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult.bool }

FUNCTION { multi.page.check } {
  'pages.str :=
  #0 'multiresult.bool :=
  {
    multiresult.bool not
    pages.str empty$ not
    and
  }
    {
      pages.str #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$
      "-" = swap$ duplicate$
      "," = swap$
      "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult.bool := }
        { pages.str #2 global.max$ substring$ 'pages.str := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult.bool
}

% Functions for calculating the label data needed by natbib


INTEGERS {
  current.name.int
  names.separate.comma
  names.separate.semicolon
  names.separate.comma.bool
  remaining.names.int
  total.names.int
}

STRINGS {
  current.name.str
  names.str
}

FUNCTION { full.format.names } {
  'names.str :=
  #1 'current.name.int :=
  names.str num.names$ 'remaining.names.int :=
  { remaining.names.int #0 > }
    {
      names.str current.name.int "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      current.name.int #1 >
        {
          swap$ add.comma swap$
          remaining.names.int #1 >
            { }
            {
              duplicate$
              "others" =
                { bbl.etal }
                { bbl.and }
              if$
              add.space swap$ *
            }
          if$
          *
        }
        { }
      if$   
      remaining.names.int #1 - 'remaining.names.int :=
      current.name.int #1 + 'current.name.int :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { full.author } {
  author empty$
    { "" }
    { author full.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { full.author.editor } {
  author empty$
    {
      editor empty$
        { "" }
        { editor full.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author full.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { full.editor } {
  editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor full.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { short.format.names } {
  'names.str :=
  names.str #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  names.str num.names$
  duplicate$
  #2 >
    {
      pop$
      add.space bbl.etal *
    }
    {
      #2 <
        { }
        {
          names.str #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$
          "others" =
            { add.space bbl.etal * }
            {
              add.space
              bbl.and add.space
              *
              names.str #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
              *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$ 
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { short.author.key } {
  author empty$
    {
      key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        { key }
      if$ 
    }
    { author short.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { short.author.editor.key } {
  author empty$
    {
      editor empty$
        {
          key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            { key }
          if$ 
        }
        { editor short.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author short.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { short.author.key.organization } {
  author empty$
    {
      key empty$
        {
          organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            {
              organization #1 #4 substring$
              "The " =
                { organization }
                { organization #5 global.max$ substring$ }
              if$
              #3 text.prefix$
            }
          if$ 
        }
        { key }
      if$ 
    }
    { author short.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { short.editor.key.organization } {
  editor empty$
    {
      key empty$
        {
          organization empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            {
              organization #1 #4 substring$
              "The " =
                { organization }
                { organization #5 global.max$ substring$ }
              if$
              #3 text.prefix$
            }
          if$ 
        }
        { key }
      if$ 
    }
    { editor short.format.names }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { calculate.full.names } {
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    { full.author.editor }
    {
      type$ "proceedings" =
        { full.editor }
        { full.author }
      if$ 
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { calculate.short.names } {
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    { short.author.editor.key }
    {
      type$ "proceedings" =
        { short.editor.key.organization }
        {
          type$ "manual" =
            { short.author.key.organization }
            { short.author.key }
          if$ 
        }
      if$ 
    }
  if$
  'short.names :=
}

FUNCTION { calculate.names } {
  calculate.short.names
  short.names
  year empty$
    { "()" }
    { "(" year * ")" * }
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

% Counting up the number of entries

INTEGERS { entries.int }

FUNCTION { initialize.count.entries } {
  #0 'entries.int  :=
}

FUNCTION { count.entries } {
  entries.int #1 + 'entries.int  :=
}

% Start and end of bibliography functions

FUNCTION { begin.bib } {
  "achemso 2024-01-30 v3.13g" top$
  preamble$ empty$
    { }
    {
      preamble$ write$
      newline$
    }
  if$
  "\providecommand{\latin}[1]{#1}" write$
  newline$
  "\makeatletter" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand{\doi}" write$
  newline$
  "  {\begingroup\let\do\@makeother\dospecials" write$
  newline$
  "  \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \doi@aux}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand{\doi@aux}[1]{\endgroup\texttt{#1}}" write$
   newline$
  "\makeatother" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mcitethebibliography{\thebibliography}" write$
  newline$
  "\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{endmcitethebibliography}" write$
  "  {\let\endmcitethebibliography\endthebibliography}{}" write$
  newline$
  "\begin{mcitethebibliography}{"
    entries.int int.to.str$  * "}" * write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\natexlab[1]{#1}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteSetBstSublistMode[1]{}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteSetBstMaxWidthForm[2]{}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue" write$
  newline$
  "  {\def\EndOfBibitem{\unskip.}}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteBstWouldAddEndPunctfalse" write$
  newline$
  "  {\let\EndOfBibitem\relax}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct[3]{}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\mciteSetBstSublistLabelBeginEnd[3]{}" write$
  newline$
  "\providecommand*\EndOfBibitem{}" write$
  newline$
  "\mciteSetBstSublistMode{f}" write$
  newline$
  "\mciteSetBstMaxWidthForm{subitem}{(\alph{mcitesubitemcount})}" write$
  newline$
  "\mciteSetBstSublistLabelBeginEnd" write$
  newline$
  "  {\mcitemaxwidthsubitemform\space}" write$
  newline$
  "  {\relax}" write$
  newline$
  "  {\relax}" write$
  newline$    
}

FUNCTION { end.bib } {
  newline$
  "\end{mcitethebibliography}" write$
  newline$
}

% Functions used for the special "control" entry type, to pass data
% from LaTeX to BibTeX

INTEGERS {
  ctrl.article.title.bool
  ctrl.chapter.title.bool
  ctrl.doi.bool
  ctrl.etal.firstonly.bool
  ctrl.etal.number.int
}

FUNCTION { initialize.control.values } {
  #1 'ctrl.article.title.bool :=
  #0 'ctrl.chapter.title.bool :=
  #0 'ctrl.doi.bool :=
  #1 'ctrl.etal.firstonly.bool :=
  #15 'ctrl.etal.number.int :=
}

FUNCTION { control } {
  ctrl-article-title  yes.no.to.bool 'ctrl.article.title.bool  :=
  ctrl-chapter-title  yes.no.to.bool 'ctrl.chapter.title.bool  :=
  ctrl-doi            yes.no.to.bool 'ctrl.doi.bool            :=
  ctrl-etal-firstonly yes.no.to.bool 'ctrl.etal.firstonly.bool :=
  ctrl-etal-number    str.to.int     'ctrl.etal.number.int     :=
  ctrl-use-title empty$
    'skip$
    { ctrl-use-title yes.no.to.bool 'ctrl.article.title.bool  := }
  if$
}

% Functions of each bibitem: tracking punctuation and transferring
% items to the .bbl file

INTEGERS {
  next.punct.comma
  next.punct.period
  next.punct.semicolon
  next.punct.space
}

FUNCTION { initialize.tracker } {
  #0 'next.punct.comma     :=
  #1 'next.punct.period    :=
  #2 'next.punct.semicolon :=
  #3 'next.punct.space     :=
}

INTEGERS { next.punct.int }

FUNCTION { output } {
  swap$
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ }
    {
      next.punct.int next.punct.space =
        { add.space }
        {
          next.punct.int next.punct.comma =
            { add.comma }
            {
              next.punct.int next.punct.semicolon =
                { add.semicolon }
                { add.period }
              if$ 
            }
          if$ 
        }
      if$
      write$
    }
  if$  
  next.punct.comma 'next.punct.int :=
}

% Functions for each bibliography entry: start and finish

FUNCTION { begin.bibitem } {
  newline$
  "\bibitem" write$
  label
  calculate.full.names
  duplicate$
  short.names =
    { pop$ }
    { * }
  if$ 
  "[" swap$ * "]" * write$
  "{" cite$ * "}" * write$
  newline$
  ""
  next.punct.comma 'next.punct.int :=
}

INTEGERS { add.period.length.int }

FUNCTION { would.add.period } {
  duplicate$
  add.period$
  text.length$ 'add.period.length.int :=
  duplicate$
  text.length$
  add.period.length.int =
    { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { end.bibitem } {
  would.add.period
    {
      "\relax" * write$
      newline$
      "\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue" write$
      newline$
      "\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}" write$
      newline$
      "{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax"
    }
    {
      "\relax" * write$
      newline$
      "\mciteBstWouldAddEndPunctfalse" write$
       newline$
      "\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}" write$
      newline$
      "{}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax"
    }
  if$
  write$
  newline$
  "\EndOfBibitem" write$
}

% Formatting names: authors and editors are not quite the same,
% and there is the question of how to handle 'et al.'

FUNCTION { initialize.name.separator } {
  #1 'names.separate.comma     :=
  #0 'names.separate.semicolon :=
}

FUNCTION { format.names.loop } {
  { remaining.names.int #0 > }
    {
      names.str current.name.int "{vv~}{ll}{,~f.}{,~jj}" format.name$
      duplicate$
      'current.name.str :=
      current.name.int #1 >
        {
          duplicate$
          "others," =
            {
              pop$
              *
              bbl.etal
              add.space
              remaining.names.int #1 - 'remaining.names.int :=
            }
            { 
              swap$
              names.separate.comma.bool
                { add.comma }
                { add.semicolon } 
              if$
%<*bio>
              remaining.names.int #1 >
                { }
                { bbl.and add.space * }
              if$ 
%</bio>s
              swap$
              *
            }
          if$  
        }
        { }
      if$   
      remaining.names.int #1 - 'remaining.names.int :=
      current.name.int #1 + 'current.name.int :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION { format.names.all } {
  total.names.int 'remaining.names.int :=
  format.names.loop
}

FUNCTION { format.names.etal } {
  ctrl.etal.firstonly.bool
    { #1 'remaining.names.int := }
    { ctrl.etal.number.int 'remaining.names.int := }
  if$ 
  format.names.loop
  current.name.str "others," =
    { }
    {
      add.space
      bbl.etal
      add.space
      *
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.names } {
  'names.separate.comma.bool :=
  'names.str :=
  #1 'current.name.int :=
  names.str num.names$ 'total.names.int :=
  total.names.int ctrl.etal.number.int >
    {
      ctrl.etal.number.int #0 =
        { format.names.all }
        { format.names.etal }
      if$ 
    }
    { format.names.all }
  if$ 
}

% Converting editions into their fixed representations

FUNCTION { bbl.first }  { "1st" }

FUNCTION { bbl.second } { "2nd" }

FUNCTION { bbl.third }  { "3rd" }

FUNCTION { bbl.fourth } { "4th" }

FUNCTION { bbl.fifth }  { "5th" }

FUNCTION { bbl.st }     { "st" }

FUNCTION { bbl.nd }     { "nd" }

FUNCTION { bbl.rd }     { "rd" }

FUNCTION { bbl.th }     { "th" }

STRINGS {
  ord.input.str
  ord.output.str
}

FUNCTION { make.ordinal } {
  duplicate$
  "1" swap$
  *
  #-2 #1 substring$
  "1" =
    {
      bbl.th *
    }
    {
      duplicate$
      #-1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$
      "1" =
        {
          pop$
          bbl.st *
        }
        {
          duplicate$
          "2" =
            {
              pop$
              bbl.nd *
            }
            {
              "3" =
                { bbl.rd * }
                { bbl.th * }
              if$ 
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { convert.to.ordinal } {
  extract.number
  "l" change.case$ 'ord.input.str :=
  ord.input.str "first" = ord.input.str "1" = or
    { bbl.first 'ord.output.str := }
    {
      ord.input.str "second" = ord.input.str "2" = or
        { bbl.second 'ord.output.str := }
        {
          ord.input.str "third" = ord.input.str "3" = or
            { bbl.third 'ord.output.str := }
            {
              ord.input.str "fourth" = ord.input.str "4" = or
                { bbl.fourth 'ord.output.str := }
                {
                  ord.input.str "fifth" = ord.input.str "5" = or
                    { bbl.fifth 'ord.output.str := }
                    {
                      ord.input.str #1 #1 substring$
                      is.a.number
                        { ord.input.str make.ordinal }
                        { ord.input.str }
                      if$
                      'ord.output.str :=
                    }
                   if$
                }
              if$ 
            }
          if$ 
        }
      if$ 
    }
  if$
  ord.output.str
}

% Functions for each type of entry

FUNCTION { format.address } {
  address empty$
    { }
    {
      address
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.authors } {
  author empty$
    { }
    {
%<*bio>
      author names.separate.comma format.names
%</bio>
%<*!bio>
      author names.separate.semicolon format.names
%</!bio>
      output
      next.punct.space 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$   
}

FUNCTION { format.editors } {
  editor empty$
    { }
    {
      editor names.separate.comma format.names
      add.comma
      editor num.names$ #1 >
        { bbl.editors }
        { bbl.editor }
      if$ 
      *
      output
      next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
    } 
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.authors.or.editors } {
  author empty$
    { format.editors }
    { format.authors }
  if$ 
  next.punct.space 'next.punct.int :=
}

FUNCTION { format.chapter } {
  chapter empty$
    { }
    {
      bbl.chapter add.space
      chapter
      *
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.doi } {
  doi empty$
    'skip$
    {
      bbl.doi add.space
      "\doi{" * doi * "}" *
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.edition } {
  edition empty$
    { }
    {
      edition convert.to.ordinal
      add.space bbl.edition *
      output
    }
  if$ 
  next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
}

FUNCTION { format.group.address } {
  duplicate$
  empty$
    { pop$ }
    {
      address empty$
        { }
        {
          add.colon
          address
          *
        }
      if$ 
      output
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.howpublished } {
  howpublished empty$
    { }
    {
      howpublished
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.journal } {
  journal emph
  output
  next.punct.space 'next.punct.int :=
}

FUNCTION { format.journal.unpub } {
  journal emph
  output
}

FUNCTION { format.note } {
  note empty$
    { }
    {
      note
      output
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.number.series } {
  series empty$
    { }
    {
      series
      number empty$
        { }
        {
          add.space
          number *
        }
      if$ 
      output
      next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$ 
}


FUNCTION { format.organization } {
  organization empty$
    { }
    {
      organization paren
      output
      next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.organization.address } {
  organization format.group.address
}

FUNCTION { format.pages } {
  pages empty$
    { }
    {
      pages multi.page.check
        {
          bbl.pages
          pages hyphen.to.dash
        }
        { bbl.page pages }
      if$
      tie.or.space.connect
      output
    }
  if$
  ctrl.doi.bool
    { format.doi }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.pages.article } {
  pages empty$
    { }
    {
      pages hyphen.to.dash
      output
    }
  if$
  ctrl.doi.bool
    { format.doi }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.publisher.address } {
  publisher format.group.address
}

FUNCTION { format.school.address } { 
  school
  duplicate$
  empty$
    { pop$ }
    {
      address empty$
        { }
        {
          add.comma
          address
          *
        }
      if$ 
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.title } {
  title empty$
    { }
    {
      title
      output
      next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.title.article } {
  ctrl.article.title.bool
    {
      title empty$
        { }
        {
          title
          output
          next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
        }
      if$ 
    }
    { }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.title.techreport } {
  title empty$
    { }
    {
      title emph
      output
      next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.title.booktitle } {
  title empty$
    { }
    {
      title
      output
      next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$ 
  booktitle empty$
    { }
    {
      booktitle
      output
      next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$   
}

STRINGS {
  book.title
  chapter.title
}

FUNCTION { format.title.booktitle.book } {
  "" 'chapter.title :=
  booktitle empty$
    {
      "" 'chapter.title :=
      title 'book.title :=
    }
    {
      ctrl.chapter.title.bool
        {
          title empty$
            'skip$
            { title 'chapter.title := }
          if$
        }
        'skip$
      if$
      maintitle empty$
        { booktitle 'book.title := }
        { maintitle add.period booktitle * 'book.title := }
      if$ 
    }
  if$
  chapter.title empty$
    { }
    {
      chapter.title
      output
      next.punct.period 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$ 
  book.title emph
  chapter.title empty$
    {
      author empty$
        { }
        {
          editor empty$
            { }
            { bbl.in add.space swap$ * }
          if$  
        }
      if$ 
    }
    { bbl.in add.space swap$ * }
  if$ 
  output
}

FUNCTION { format.type } {
  type empty$
    { }
    {
      pop$
      type
    }
  if$
  output
}

FUNCTION { format.type.number } {
  type empty$
    { }
    {
      type
      number empty$
        { }
        { number tie.or.space.connect }
      if$ 
      output
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.url } {
  url empty$
    { }
    {
      "\url{" url * "}" *
      output
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.year } {
  year empty$
    { }
    {
      year
      output
      next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.year.article } {
  year empty$
    { }
    {
%<*bio>
      year paren
      output
      next.punct.space 'next.punct.int :=
%</bio>
%<*!bio>
      year bold
      output
%</!bio>
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION { format.version } {
  version empty$
    { }
    {
      bbl.version add.space
      version
      *
      output
    } 
  if$ 
}

FUNCTION { format.volume.article } {
  volume emph
  output
}

FUNCTION { format.volume } {
  volume empty$
    { }
    {
      bbl.volume
      volume
      tie.or.space.connect
      output
      next.punct.semicolon 'next.punct.int :=
    }
  if$   
}

% The functions to deal with each entry type

FUNCTION { article } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
%<*bio>
  format.year.article
%</bio>
  format.title.article
  format.journal
%<*!bio>
  format.year.article
%</!bio>
  format.volume.article
  format.pages.article
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { book } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors.or.editors
  format.title.booktitle.book
  format.edition
  author empty$
    { }
    { format.editors }
  if$
  format.number.series
  format.publisher.address
  format.year
  format.volume
  format.chapter
  format.pages
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { inbook } { book }

FUNCTION { booklet } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title
  format.howpublished
  format.address
  format.year
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { collection } { book }

FUNCTION { incollection } { book }

FUNCTION { inpress } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
%<*bio>
  format.year.article
%</bio>
  format.journal.unpub
  doi empty$
    {
      bbl.inpress
      output
    }
    {
%<*!bio>
      format.year.article
%</!bio>
      next.punct.comma 'next.punct.int :=
      format.doi
    }
  if$ 
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { inproceedings } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title.booktitle
  format.address
  format.year
  format.pages
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { manual } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title
  format.version
  format.organization.address
  format.year
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { mastersthesis } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title
  bbl.msc format.type
  format.school.address
  format.year
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { misc } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title
  format.howpublished
  format.year
  format.url
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { patent } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.organization
  format.title
  format.type.number
  format.year
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { phdthesis } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.title
  bbl.phd format.type
  format.school.address
  format.year
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { proceeding } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.title
  format.address
  format.year
  format.pages
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { techreport } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors.or.editors
  format.title.techreport
  format.type.number
  format.organization.address
  format.year
  format.volume
  format.pages
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { unpublished } {
  begin.bibitem
  format.authors
  format.journal.unpub
  doi empty$
    { format.howpublished }
    {
      format.year
      next.punct.comma 'next.punct.int :=
      format.doi
    }
  if$ 
  format.note
  end.bibitem
}

FUNCTION { default.type } { misc }
 
% Macros containing pre-defined short cuts

MACRO { jan } { "Jan." }
MACRO { feb } { "Feb." }
MACRO { mar } { "Mar." }
MACRO { apr } { "Apr." }
MACRO { may } { "May" }
MACRO { jun } { "June" }
MACRO { jul } { "July" }
MACRO { aug } { "Aug." }
MACRO { sep } { "Sept." }
MACRO { oct } { "Oct." }
MACRO { nov } { "Nov." }
MACRO { dec } { "Dec." }

MACRO { acbcct } { "ACS Chem.\ Biol." }
MACRO { achre4 } { "Acc.\ Chem.\ Res." }
MACRO { acncdm } { "ACS Chem.\ Neurosci." }
MACRO { ancac3 } { "ACS Nano" }
MACRO { ancham } { "Anal.\ Chem." }
MACRO { bichaw } { "Biochemistry" }
MACRO { bcches } { "Bioconjugate Chem." }
MACRO { bomaf6 } { "Biomacromolecules" }
MACRO { bipret } { "Biotechnol.\ Prog." }
MACRO { crtoec } { "Chem.\ Res.\ Toxicol." }
MACRO { chreay } { "Chem.\ Rev." }
MACRO { cmatex } { "Chem.\ Mater." }
MACRO { cgdefu } { "Cryst.\ Growth Des." }
MACRO { enfuem } { "Energy Fuels" }
MACRO { esthag } { "Environ.\ Sci.\ Technol." }
MACRO { iechad } { "Ind.\ Eng.\ Chem.\ Res." }
MACRO { inoraj } { "Inorg.\ Chem." }
MACRO { jafcau } { "J.~Agric.\ Food Chem." }
MACRO { jceaax } { "J.~Chem.\ Eng.\ Data" }
MACRO { jceda8 } { "J.~Chem.\ Ed." }
MACRO { jcisd8 } { "J.~Chem.\ Inf.\ Model." }
MACRO { jctcce } { "J.~Chem.\ Theory Comput." }
MACRO { jcchff } { "J. Comb. Chem." }
MACRO { jmcmar } { "J. Med. Chem." }
MACRO { jnprdf } { "J. Nat. Prod." }
MACRO { joceah } { "J.~Org.\ Chem." }
MACRO { jpcafh } { "J.~Phys.\ Chem.~A" }
MACRO { jpcbfk } { "J.~Phys.\ Chem.~B" }
MACRO { jpccck } { "J.~Phys.\ Chem.~C" }
MACRO { jpclcd } { "J.~Phys.\ Chem.\ Lett." }
MACRO { jprobs } { "J.~Proteome Res." }
MACRO { jacsat } { "J.~Am.\ Chem.\ Soc." }
MACRO { langd5 } { "Langmuir" }
MACRO { mamobx } { "Macromolecules" }
MACRO { mpohbp } { "Mol.\ Pharm." }
MACRO { nalefd } { "Nano Lett." }
MACRO { orlef7 } { "Org.\ Lett." }
MACRO { oprdfk } { "Org.\ Proc.\ Res.\ Dev." }
MACRO { orgnd7 } { "Organometallics" }
 
% Construction of bibliography: reading of data, construction of
% labels, output of formatted bibliography

READ

EXECUTE { initialize.control.values }

EXECUTE { initialize.count.entries }

EXECUTE { initialize.name.separator }

EXECUTE { initialize.tracker }

ITERATE { calculate.names }

ITERATE { count.entries }

EXECUTE { begin.bib }

ITERATE { call.type$ }

EXECUTE { end.bib }
%</bst>
%\fi