% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% Copyright (C) 2009 by Scott Pakin <scott+iecnf@pakin.org>
% ---------------------------------------------------------
%
% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
% the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c of this license
% or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version of this
% license is in:
%
%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%
% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2006/05/20 or later.
%
% \fi
%
% \iffalse
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%<*class>
    [2009/04/05 v1.4 IEEE Computer Society 8.5x11" conference proceedings]
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% \changes{v1.0}{2004/01/14}{Initial version}
% \changes{v1.0a}{2004/09/18}{Clarified the documentation as per Ming
%   Kin Lai's suggestions}
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/08/28}{Added a paragraph about formatting
%   reference lists as per Rennie deGraaf's suggestion}
%
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%   \index{packages:\levelchar#1\actualchar\textsf{#1}\encapchar usage}^^A
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%
% ^^A  Define a macro for typesetting and indexing package names.
% \DeclareRobustCommand{\pkgname}[1]{^^A
%   \textsf{#1}^^A
%   \indexpkgname{#1}^^A
% }
%
% ^^A  Define a macro for typesetting "IEEEconf" and one for typesetting
% ^^A  "IEEE Computer Society Press".
% \newcommand{\iecnf}{\pkgname{IEEEconf}}
% \newcommand{\ICSP}{IEEE Computer Society Press}
%
% \title{The \iecnf{} class\thanks{This document
%   corresponds to \iecnf{}~\fileversion, dated \filedate.}}
% \author{Scott Pakin \\
%   \href{mailto:scott+iecnf@pakin.org}{\texttt{scott+iecnf@pakin.org}}}
%
% \hypersetup{^^A
%   pdftitle={The IEEEconf class},
%   pdfauthor={Scott Pakin <scott+iecnf@pakin.org>},
%   pdfsubject={Format papers for IEEE Computer Society Press conference
%     proceedings},
%   pdfkeywords={conference proceedings, formatting requirements, IEEE
%     Computer Society Press}
% }
%
% \maketitle
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% The \iecnf{} class implements the formatting dictated by the \ICSP{}
% for conference proceedings.  |IEEEconf.cls| replaces |latex8.sty| and
% is compatible with any \BibTeX{} style, not just |latex8.bst|.  The
% goal was to produce a more faithful implementation of the formatting
% rules and to do so with cleaner \LaTeX{} code than that provided by
% the |latex8.*| files:
%
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item \iecnf{} is written as a class, which makes more sense than
%     implementing it as a style file.
%
%   \item \iecnf{} uses the \pkgname{titlesec} package to redefine
%     |\section|, |\subsection|, and |\subsubsection| as dictated by the
%     guidelines.  \pkgname{latex8} requires that authors use
%     |\Section|, which internally calls |\section| then backspaces to
%     add the required period after the section number.  Yuck!  By using
%     proper sectioning, \iecnf{} is compatible with the
%     \pkgname{hyperref} package.  (Examine the PDF bookmarks produced
%     when using \pkgname{latex8} with \pkgname{hyperref}.)
%
%   \item \iecnf{} changes bibliography formatting by redefining the
%     |thebibliography| environment instead of by requiring the author to
%     use a particular \BibTeX{} style file.
%
%   \item \iecnf{} selects fonts using the \LaTeXe{} font commands
%     instead of \TeX{} primitives.  This lets an author redefine
%     |\rmdefault|, |\sfdefault|, and |\ttdefault| and have those changes
%     honored by \iecnf.
%
%   \item \iecnf{} uses the \pkgname{geometry} package to construct the
%     page layout rather than setting \LaTeX{} registers directly.
% \end{itemize}
%
% Note that \iecnf{} is intended specifically for preparing manuscripts
% for \ICSP{} conference proceedings.  Most other IEEE
% publications---including other IEEE conference proceedings---specify
% different formatting requirements.  Unless you were instructed
% explicitly to follow \ICSP's conference-proceedings guidelines, you
% may find the \pkgname{IEEEtran} package more appropriate than \iecnf.
%
% \paragraph{Caveats}  First, as of this writing, \iecnf{} has been neither
% validated nor endorsed by the \ICSP{}\@.  Second, some of the \ICSP's
% guidelines are outside of \iecnf's scope.  See
% Section~\ref{sec:limitations} for details.  Third, the \ICSP{}
% occasionally changes their guidelines; \iecnf~\fileversion{}
% implements the guidelines that were current on~2007/01/15.  In fact,
% the \ICSP{} Web site provides two sets of guidelines:
%
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item
%     \url{ftp://pubftp.computer.org/press/outgoing/proceedings/instruct8.5x11.pdf}.
%     \iecnf{} relies on this document for its primary set of
%     guidelines.
%
%   \item
%     \url{http://www.computer.org/portal/site/ieeecs/index.jsp?pageID=ieeecs_level1&path=ieeecs/publications/cps&file=cps_forms.xml&xsl=generic.xsl}.
%     This Web page contains almost the same contents as the preceding
%     PDF file except that the ``Footnotes'' section has nothing to do
%     with footnotes but rather with column formatting.  Footnote
%     guidance is taken from the other set of guidelines.
%
%   \item
%     \url{ftp://pubftp.computer.org/press/outgoing/proceedings/INSTRUCT.HTM}
%     and
%     \url{ftp://pubftp.computer.org/press/outgoing/proceedings/instruct.txt}.
%     This document provides guidance on footnote formatting.  However,
%     it contradicts the previous documents by specifying that paragraphs
%     be indented by 1~pica while the preceding document says to indent
%     paragraphs by 1/4~inch (1.5~picas).  It limits the abstract to
%     3~inches (7.62\,cm) while the previous document dictates a
%     150-word limit.  \iecnf{} follows the previous document in the
%     case of any conflict.
%
%     This document contains an additional section about illustrations
%     that says not to use color figures unless instructed to do so and
%     presents a few prehistoric guidelines about penciling in page
%     numbers and how to use rub-on symbols.
% \end{itemize}
%
% Pages on the IEEE Computer Society Web site are frequently moved
% and/or renamed.  You may need to search a bit to find the latest
% versions of the documents described above.
%
%
% \section{Usage}
%
% Unlike \pkgname{latex8}, \iecnf\ is a proper \LaTeXe\ class.  Also
% unlike \pkgname{latex8}, it automatically loads the packages it needs
% and sets all of the correct formatting options by default.
%
% \subsection{Class options}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\documentclass}
% Begin your document by loading the \iecnf{} class:
%
% \begin{verbatim}
%     \documentclass{IEEEconf}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \noindent
% Although \iecnf\ is derived from \textsf{article} and accepts the
% same class options, you should not, in general, pass any extra options
% to |\documentclass|.  \iecnf\ will automatically set two-column mode
% and a 10\,pt.\ Times Roman font.  \iecnf\ honors the user's default
% paper size because the \ICSP\ now allows both U.S.~Letter- and
% A4-sized paper.  The default paper size can be overridden by the
% |letterpaper| or |a4paper| class options if a conference dictates a
% particular paper size.
%
% \iecnf\ introduces one class option of its own: |latex8|.  The
% |latex8| option instructs \iecnf\ to violate the \ICSP\ guidelines in
% the same manner that the \pkgname{latex8} package provided by the
% \ICSP\ violates them.  The advantage of using the |latex8| option is
% that \pkgname{latex8}'s incorrect formatting provides a larger text
% block (27\,pt.\ wider) than the guidelines allow.  Hence, if you need
% to squeeze a little extra text into your paper, the |latex8| option
% lets you do that without violating the rules any more than the
% \pkgname{latex8} package does.
%
%
% \subsection{User commands}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\title}
% The |\title| command behaves identically to the one in the
% \textsf{article} class.  Just remember to follow what the guidelines
% say about capitalization of words in the title.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\author}
% \DescribeEnv{affiliation}
% \DescribeMacro{\email}
% The guidelines specify different formatting for an author's name and
% for an author's affiliation and e-mail address.  For convenience,
% \iecnf\ provides an |affiliation| environment for
% typesetting affiliations and an |\email| macro for typesetting e-mail
% addresses.  The following examples show how to format an author list:
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% % Individual author
% \author{%
%   Amy Author \\
%   \begin{affiliation}
%     Fancy Text Processing Department \\
%     University of Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch
%   \end{affiliation} \\
%   \email{author@llanfairPG.ac.uk}
% }
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% % Multiple authors
% \author{%
%   Ray Writer \\
%   \begin{affiliation}
%     International Giant Mega-Corporation, Inc.
%   \end{affiliation} \\
%   \email{writer@giantmegaco.com}
% \and
%   Kim Composer \\
%   \begin{affiliation}
%     Department of Reading, 'Riting, and 'Rithmetic
%     \LaTeX{} State University
%   \end{affiliation} \\
%   \email{composer@latexstate.edu}
% }
% \end{verbatim}
%
% There is not currently any special support in \iecnf\ for typesetting
% multiple affiliations per author.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\date}
% The date macro is implemented but doesn't actually typeset anything.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\callout}
% A \emph{callout} is a piece of text referring to a figure or table.
% When the \ICSP\ re-typesets a document they supposedly want the ``See
% Figure\dots'' and ``See Table\dots'' text to stand out to help the
% typesetter ensure that figures and tables are placed as close as
% possible to their references.  The |\callout| macro simply typesets
% its argument in 9-point Helvetica as per the guidelines and is
% typically used as follows: ``\texttt{For details, see}
% |\callout{Figure~\ref{myfigure}}|''.  My understanding is that
% |\callout| should be used only when a paper will be re-typeset and not
% when producing camera-ready copy.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\dobeforekey}
% The \ICSP\ guidelines say, ``If the last page of your paper is only
% partially filled, arrange the columns so that they are evenly balanced
% if possible, rather than having one long column.''  While the
% \pkgname{balance} and \pkgname{multicol} packages may help, this is a
% fairly tricky requirement in the general case for \LaTeXe\@.  Because
% the last page of a conference paper typically contains only
% references, \iecnf\ provides a simple command, |\dobeforekey|, to help
% with that specific case.  |\dobeforekey| takes two arguments: a
% bibliography key (i.e.,~a string passed to the |\cite| command) and a
% command to execute before typesetting the corresponding bibliography
% entry.  When preparing the final version of your paper, put
% ``|\dobeforekey{|\meta{key}|}{\newpage}|'' anywhere before the
% |\bibliography| command and use trial-and-error to find the key that
% best balances the columns on the last page of the paper.
%
% \paragraph{Reference lists}
% The \ICSP\ provides little guidance about typesetting reference
% lists.  Apparently, the author is granted some flexibility.  \iecnf{}
% uses the specified font but leaves the rest of the formatting
% decisions to the author's chosen bibliography style.  As the \ICSP's
% two sample references both use abbreviated author names, it's probably
% best to use |\bibliographystyle{abbrv}| when including a \BibTeX{}
% bibliography.\footnote{\texttt{latex8.bst} is in fact identical to
% \texttt{abbrv.bst} except that it injects
% ``\texttt{\cs{setlength}\linebreak[0]\string{\cs{itemsep}\string}\linebreak[0]\string{-1ex\string}\linebreak[0]\cs{small}}''
% into its generated \texttt{thebibliography} environment.}  \iecnf{}
% also supports the |\thebibliography| environment for authors who
% prefer to typeset their reference lists manually.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\extrareflistcode}
% Previous versions of the \ICSP\ guidelines stated that bibliographic
% references must be single-spaced, and that's how \iecnf\ formats the
% list of references.  The current guidelines say nothing about
% inter-reference spacing but their two sample references are in fact
% separated by a blank line.  To provide the author with both
% alternatives, \iecnf\ provides a ``hook'' macro called
% |\extrareflistcode| that enables one to alter the line spacing---or
% any other aspect of reference-list spacing.
%
% As in most \LaTeXe\ classes, references are typeset within a \LaTeX{}
% |list| environment.  The |\extrareflistcode| macro specifies extra
% code to execute as part of the second argument to |\begin{list}| when
% typesetting the document's References section.  |\extrareflistcode| is
% initially empty but can be redefined by the author with
% |\renewcommand|.  For example, the following code instructs \iecnf{}
% to insert a blank line between entries in the references list:
%
% \begin{verbatim}
%     \renewcommand{\extrareflistcode}{\setlength{\itemsep}{\baselineskip}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \section{Limitations}
% \label{sec:limitations}
%
% There are some requirements in the Computer Society's guidelines that
% \iecnf\ is unable to enforce:
%
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item ``All manuscripts must be in English.''
%
%   \item ``Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs,
%   adjectives, and adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate
%   conjunctions, or prepositions (unless the title begins with such a
%   word).''
%
%   \item ``Avoid the use of academic degrees and society affiliations.''
%
%   \item ``Avoid using bit-mapped fonts if possible.  True--Type~1
%   fonts are preferred.''
%
%   \item ``Use footnotes sparingly (or not at all!)''.  The guidelines
%   do specify how to format footnotes if you're desperate and \iecnf{}
%   honors the those requirements.
%
%   \item ``Where appropriate, include the name(s) of editors of
%   referenced books.''
% \end{itemize}
%
% \noindent
% Furthermore, there are also some requirements the \iecnf{}
% does not currently implement:
%
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item ``The abstract is to be\dots  up to 150~words in length.''
%   \iecnf\ currently allows abstracts of any length.
%
%   \item In the author list, ``[m]ultiple authors may be shown in a
%   two- or three-column format''.  Like \textsf{article}, \iecnf{}
%   packs as many authors as possible onto a line.
%
%   \item ``Initially capitalize only the first word of each figure
%   caption and table title~\dots\ Figure captions are to be centered
%   below the figures.  Table titles are to be centered above the
%   tables.''  Consider using the \pkgname{topcapt} package to help with
%   this captioning requirement.
%
%   \item ``If the last page of your paper is only partially filled,
%   arrange the columns so that they are evenly balanced if possible,
%   rather than having one long column.''  Consider using either
%   \iecnf's |\doafterkey| macro or the \pkgname{balance} package to
%   help with this formatting requirement.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \noindent
% Some of the above shortcomings may be fixed in a future release of
% \iecnf\ if I figure out a good way to do so.
%
% Also note that currently, only $8\mbox{\textonehalf} \times 11''$
% proceedings are supported, not $6 \times 9''$ proceedings.
%
%
% \StopEventually{%
%   \section{License}
%
%   Copyright \textcopyright\ 2009 by Scott Pakin
%
%   \bigskip
%
%   This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
%   the \LaTeX\ Project Public License, either version~1.3c of this
%   license or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version of
%   this license is in:
%
%   \begin{center}
%     \texttt{http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt}
%   \end{center}
%
%   \noindent
%   and version~1.3c or later is part of all distributions of \LaTeX{}
%   version 2006/05/20 or later.
%
%   \needspace{3cm}
%   \phantomsection
%   \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Change History}
%   \PrintChanges
%
%   \needspace{3cm}
%   \phantomsection
%   \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Index}
%   \PrintIndex
% }
%
%
% \section{Implementation}
%
% This section contains the complete source code to \iecnf.
% If you're not a \LaTeX\ hacker you probably won't find it
% particularly interesting or useful.  However, if you're comfortable
% reading \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ code, you can see exactly what
% \iecnf\ is doing and how.
%
% \subsection{Initialization}
%
% \changes{v1.4}{2009/03/21}{Introduced a \texttt{onecolumn} class option
%   in case a document needs to use the \pkgname{multicol} package}
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@column@spec}
% The guidelines require that all text be in a two-column format.
% However, there may be some special cases in which a single-column
% format is desirable, for example if the \pkgname{multicol} package is
% needed anywhere in the document.  We therefore provide a |onecolumn|
% option to suppress the default two-column formatting.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\ieee@column@spec{twocolumn}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\def\ieee@column@spec{onecolumn}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\if@ieee@correct@geometry@}
% \begin{macro}{\@ieee@correct@geometry@true}
% \begin{macro}{\@ieee@correct@geometry@false}
% \iecnf\ lays out the page geometry according to the \ICSP\ guidelines.
% However, as \iecnf\ is not yet recognized by the IEEE Computer
% Society, virtually all IEEE Computer Society conferences point authors
% wanting to use \LaTeX\ to the old, broken \pkgname{latex8} package,
% which fails to honor the \ICSP's formatting guidelines.  However,
% because of its incorrectness, \pkgname{latex8} actually gives authors
% a little more space for text.  \iecnf\ therefore provides a |latex8|
% option to give authors the extra space provided by the
% \pkgname{latex8} package without sacrificing compatibility with other
% \LaTeXe\ packages and flexibility as would using the \pkgname{latex8}
% package directly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\if@ieee@correct@geometry@
\@ieee@correct@geometry@true
\DeclareOption{latex8}{\@ieee@correct@geometry@false}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% For simplicity, we'll derive everything from the standard |article|
% class but force the |10pt| and, unless overridden, |twocolumn| options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions\relax
\PassOptionsToClass{\ieee@column@spec,10pt}{article}
\LoadClass{article}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@old@maketitle}
% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
% The guidelines say not to paginate.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\ieee@old@maketitle=\maketitle
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{%
  \ieee@old@maketitle
  \thispagestyle{empty}%
}
\pagestyle{empty}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% ``All paragraphs should be indented 1/4~inch (approximately 0.5\,cm).''
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/08/28}{Updated the paragraph indentation to match
%   the new \ICSP\ specifications.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setlength{\parindent}{0.25in}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{Page layout}
%
% Define the page layout as per the following instructions:
%
% \begin{quotation}
%   All printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts,
%   must be kept within a print area of 6-1/2 inches (16.51\,cm) wide by
%   8-7/8 inches (22.51\,cm) high.  Do not write or print anything
%   outside the print area.  All \emph{text} must be in a two-column
%   format.  Columns are to be 3-1/16 inches (7.85\,cm) wide, with a
%   3/8~inch (0.81\,cm) space between them.  Text must be fully
%   justified.
% \end{quotation}
%
% \noindent
% We set the top margin to 1~inch and let the bottom margin define
% itself based on the top margin and the text height as per the
% following instructions:
%
% \begin{quotation}
%   The second and following pages should begin 1.0~inch (2.54\,cm) from
%   the top edge.  On all pages, the bottom margin should be
%   \mbox{1-1/8~inches} (2.86\,cm) from the bottom edge of the page for
%   \mbox{8.5~$\times$~11-inch} paper; for A4~paper, approximately
%   \mbox{1-5/8~inches} (4.13\,cm) from the bottom edge of the page.
% \end{quotation}
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/08/28}{Updated the page layout to match the new
%   \ICSP\ specifications.}
% \changes{v1.4}{2009/03/21}{Introduced a \texttt{latex8} class option
%   as per Oliver Kopp's suggestion}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@ieee@correct@geometry@
  \RequirePackage[%
    noheadfoot,
    textwidth=6.5in,
    textheight=8.875in,
    tmargin=1in
  ]{geometry}
  \setlength{\columnsep}{0.375in}
\else
%    \end{macrocode}
% The following was copied verbatim from |latex8.sty|:
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \setlength{\textheight}{8.875in}
  \setlength{\textwidth}{6.875in}
  \setlength{\columnsep}{0.3125in}
  \setlength{\topmargin}{0in}
  \setlength{\headheight}{0in}
  \setlength{\headsep}{0in}
  \setlength{\parindent}{1pc}
  \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-.304in}
  \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-.304in}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{Font selection}
%
% The guidelines specify Times (or similar) as the default font and
% Helvetica as the sans-serif font.  While we're at it, we specify
% Courier as the fixed-width font.
% \indexpkgname{mathptmx}\indexpkgname{helvet}\indexpkgname{courier}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{mathptmx}
\RequirePackage{helvet}
\RequirePackage{courier}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Next, we define commands to set the fonts we'll need later in this
% file.
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@xiv@bold}
% Set Times 14\,pt.\ bold.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@xiv@bold}{%
  \rmfamily\bfseries\upshape\fontsize{14}{16}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@xii@bold}
% Set Times 12\,pt.\ bold.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@xii@bold}{%
  \rmfamily\bfseries\upshape\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@xi@bold}
% Set Times 11\,pt.\ bold.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@xi@bold}{%
  \rmfamily\bfseries\upshape\fontsize{11}{13}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@x@bold}
% Set Times 10\,pt.\ bold.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@x@bold}{%
  \rmfamily\bfseries\upshape\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@xii@roman}
% Set Times 12\,pt.\ roman.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@xii@roman}{%
  \rmfamily\mdseries\upshape\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@xii@italic}
% Set Times 12\,pt.\ italic.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@xii@italic}{%
  \rmfamily\mdseries\itshape\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@times@ix@roman}
% Set Times 9\,pt.\ roman.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@times@ix@roman}{%
  \rmfamily\mdseries\upshape\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@helv@ix@roman}
% Set Helvetica 9\,pt.\ roman.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@helv@ix@roman}{%
  \sffamily\mdseries\upshape\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@helv@x@bold}
% Set Helvetica 10\,pt.\ bold.
% \changes{v1.1}{2005/02/12}{Converted figure/table captions from roman
%   to boldface.  Thanks to Thomas J. Hacker for pointing out the
%   formatting violation.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@helv@x@bold}{%
  \sffamily\bfseries\upshape\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Title formatting}
%
% We use the \pkgname{array} package to help center the text within
% |tabular| ``|p|'' columns.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{array}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@author@width}
% |\@maketitle| sets this \meta{dimen} to the width of the widest author
% block.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\ieee@author@width}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\and}
% Redefine the |\and| macro used in titles to force some blank space
% above each author block.  (Other than the |\rule| line, this version
% of |\and| is identical to the one in |ltsect.dtx|.)
% \changes{v1.2}{2005/03/26}{Introduced this macro in order to insert
%   blank space between author blocks.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\and{%
  \end{tabular}%
  \hskip 1em \@plus 0.17fil%
  \rule{0pt}{1.5\baselineskip}%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{\centering}p{\ieee@author@width}@{}}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@maketitle}
% The guidelines say that the ``title (on the first page) should begin
% 1-3/8 inches (3.49~cm) from the top edge of the page, centered, and in
% Times 14-point, boldface type\dots Leave two blank lines after the title.''
% \changes{v1.3b}{2007/01/15}{Corrected the spacing between lines of multiline
%   titles.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@maketitle{%
  \newpage
  \null
  \vskip 0.375in%
  \begin{center}%
    \let\footnote=\thanks
    {\ieee@times@xiv@bold\@title\par}%
    \vskip 24pt
    \ieee@times@xii@roman
%    \end{macrocode}
% Set |\ieee@author@width| to the width of the widest author block.
% \changes{v1.2}{2005/03/26}{Modified to place author blocks in a more
%   aesthetic manner.  Thanks to Joey Lawrance for drawing my attention
%   to the unusual-looking formatting used in the previous version of
%   \iecnf.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \settowidth{\ieee@author@width}{%
      \let\and=\crcr
%    \end{macrocode}
% We temporarily let-bind both |\thanks| and |\footnote| to |\@gobble|.
% If we didn't, \iecnf\ would output each footnote twice: once when
% calculating the width of the author blocks and once when typesetting
% them.  Note that we use |\@gobble| instead of, say, |\footnotemark|
% because |\@ieee@old@maketitle| (a.k.a.\ the \pkgname{article} class's
% |\maketitle| macro) places footnote markers within an |\rlap| so they
% occupy no horizontal space.
% \changes{v1.2a}{2005/05/20}{Fixed a bug that caused
%   \texttt{\string\string\string\thanks} and
%   \texttt{\string\string\string\footnote} to produce duplicate
%   footnotes.  Thanks to M. Rasit Eskicioglu for reporting the
%   duplicate-footnote problem.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \let\thanks=\@gobble
      \let\footnote=\@gobble
      \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}%
        \@author
      \end{tabular}%
    }%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Typeset all author blocks with columns exactly of width
% |\ieee@author@width|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{\hfil}p{\ieee@author@width}<{\hfil}@{}}%
      \@author
    \end{tabular}%
  \end{center}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% ``Author information should be followed by two 12-point blank lines.''
% The old, broken \pkgname{latex8} package incorrectly follows the
% author information with only \emph{one} 12-point blank line, so we do
% likewise when the |latex8| package option is specified.
% \changes{v1.4}{2009/03/22}{Corrected the spacing between the title block
%   and the document text}
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \if@ieee@correct@geometry@
    \vskip -\baselineskip
    \vskip 24pt%
  \else
    \vspace*{0.5em}%
    \vspace*{12pt}%
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{environment}{affiliation}
% Affiliations are supposed to be in Times~12\,pt.\ italic type.  We
% define an environment to help out with that.  In \pkgname{latex8}
% compatibility mode we introduce an extra, unnecessary half~em of
% vertical space between the author name and affiliation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{affiliation}{%
  \ieee@times@xii@italic
  \if@ieee@correct@geometry@
  \else
    \rule[10pt]{0pt}{0.5em}%
  \fi
  \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
}{%
  \end{tabular}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% \begin{macro}{email}
% E-mail addresses are supposed to be in Times~12\,pt.\ italic type.  We
% define a macro to help out with that.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\email}[1]{%
  {\ieee@times@xii@italic#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Abstract}
%
% \begin{environment}{abstract}
% The guidelines have a lot to say about formatting abstracts:
%
% \begin{quotation}
%   The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top
%   of the left-hand column as it is here, below the author information.
%   Use the word ``Abstract'' as the title, in 12-point Times, boldface
%   type, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized.  The
%   abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and up to
%   150~words in length.  Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then
%   begin the main text.
% \end{quotation}
%
% Most of the following code was taken verbatim from |classes.dtx|.
% \changes{v1.4}{2009/03/21}{Modified the abstract-handling code to use
%   the same formatting in both one- and two-column mode}
% \changes{v1.4}{2009/04/05}{Added \texttt{\char`\\par}
%   after the abstract title to force paragraph indentation in the
%   first paragraph of the abstract}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@titlepage
  \renewenvironment{abstract}{%
      \titlepage
      \null\vfil
      \@beginparpenalty\@lowpenalty
      \begin{center}%
        \bfseries \abstractname
        \@endparpenalty\@M
      \end{center}%
      \par}%
     {\par\vfil\null\endtitlepage}
\else
  \renewenvironment{abstract}{%
      \begin{center}%
        \ieee@times@xii@bold \abstractname
      \end{center}%
      \par
      \itshape}%
      {\vspace*{\baselineskip}}%
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
%
% \subsection{Figures and tables}
%
% Format figure and table captions as follows:
%
% \begin{quotation}
%   Figure and table captions should be 10-point Helvetica (or a similar
%   sans-serif font), boldface.  Callouts should be 9-point Helvetica,
%   non-boldface.  Initially capitalize only the first word of each
%   figure caption and table title.  Figures and tables must be numbered
%   separately.  For example: ``Figure~1. Database contexts'',
%   ``Table~1. Input data''.  Figure captions are to be below the
%   figures.  Table titles are to be centered above the tables.
% \end{quotation}
%
% Currently, the author is responsible for putting captions above tables
% and below figures.  The \pkgname{topcapt} package is useful for
% ensuring proper spacing when captions are placed above a table.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@makecaption}
% Modify |\@makecaption| to typeset everything in 10 pt.\ Helvetica and
% to put a period instead of a colon after the figure number.  See the
% definition of |\@makecaption| in |classes.dtx| for additional
% commentary.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{\ieee@helv@x@bold #1. #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    \ieee@helv@x@bold #1. #2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\callout}
% When the \ICSP\ re-typesets a document they supposedly want the ``See
% Figure'' and ``See Table'' callouts to stand out to help the
% typesetter ensure that figures and tables are placed as close as
% possible to their callouts.  The |\callout| macro simply typesets its
% argument in 9-point Helvetica as per the \ICSP\ guidelines.
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/08/28}{Introduced this macro.  Thanks to Ming Kin Lai
%   for finding out what a ``callout'' is.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\callout}[1]{%
  {\ieee@helv@ix@roman#1}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \subsection{Section headers}
%
% The \pkgname{titlesec} package makes it easy to modify section headers.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{titlesec}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Format sections as follows:
%
% \begin{quotation}
%   For example, ``1.~Introduction'', should be Times 12-point boldface,
%   initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and
%   one blank line after. Use a period~(``.'') after the Arabic heading
%   number, not a colon.
% \end{quotation}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\titleformat{\section}{\ieee@times@xii@bold}{\thesection.}{0.5em}%
  {}\relax
\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{12pt}{12pt}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Format subsections as follows:
%
% \begin{quotation}
% As in this heading, they should be Times 11-point boldface, initially
% capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one after.
% \end{quotation}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\titleformat{\subsection}{\ieee@times@xi@bold}{\thesubsection.}%
  {0.5em}{}\relax
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{11pt}{11pt}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Format subsubsections as follows:
%
% \begin{quotation}
% Third-order headings, as in this paragraph, are discouraged. However,
% if you must use them, use 10-point Times, boldface, initially
% capitalized, flush left, preceded by one blank line, followed by a
% period and your text on the same line.
% \end{quotation}
%
% \changes{v1.0b}{2004/10/10}{Corrected a formatting problem with
%   \texttt{\string\string\string\subsubsection} identified by
%   Ben Ochoa.}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\titleformat{\subsubsection}[runin]{\ieee@times@x@bold}%
  {\thesubsubsection.}{0.5em}{}[.]
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{10pt}{0.5em}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{References}
%
% \begin{environment}{thebibliography}
% In order to make \iecnf\ play nicely with the \pkgname{tocbibind}
% package we need to separate the code that outputs the word
% ``References'' (or whatever |\refname| is defined as) from the code
% that typesets the bibliography in a list.  Hence, our
% |thebibliography| definition is rather short.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{%
  \section*{\refname}%
  \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}%
  \begin{ieee@thebibitemlist}{#1}%
}{%
  \end{ieee@thebibitemlist}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% \begin{environment}{ieee@thebibitemlist}
% The IEEE guidelines provide very little guidance when it comes to
% formatting a bibliography.  All they insist upon is that it be typeset
% in 9\,pt.\ Times and use square brackets.  The following is almost
% identical to the definition of |thebibliography| in |classes.dtx| but
% sets the appropriate font size and---as a courtesy to authors
% struggling to meet page-length requirements---eliminates blank lines
% between entries.  The user can reinstate blank lines by redefining the
% |\extrareflistcode| hook.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{ieee@thebibitemlist}[1]
     {\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
           {\ieee@times@ix@roman
            \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
            \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
            \settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \@openbib@code
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
            \extrareflistcode}%
      \sloppy
      \clubpenalty4000
      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
      \widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% At the beginning of the document, after the author has finished
% loading packages, we check to see if the \pkgname{tocbibind} package
% was loaded.  If it was, we replace its |thebibitemlist| environment
% with our |ieee@thebibitemlist| environment.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{tocbibind}{%
    \let\thebibitemlist=\ieee@thebibitemlist
    \let\endthebibitemlist=\endieee@thebibitemlist
  }%
  {}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@pre@bibitem@key}
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd}
% The commands defined by the user in |\ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd| are
% executed before \iecnf\ typesets a bibliographic entry with key
% |\ieee@pre@bibitem@key|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\ieee@pre@bibitem@key}{IEEEconf}
\newcommand{\ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\dobeforekey}
% Store a command to execute before a given bibliography key.
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/05/28}{Introduced this macro.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\dobeforekey}[2]{%
  \def\ieee@pre@bibitem@key{#1}%
  \def\ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd{#2}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\ieee@old@bibitem}
% \begin{macro}{\bibitem}
% Redefine |\bibitem| to insert |\ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd| before a
% citation or reference label designated by the user.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\ieee@old@bibitem=\bibitem
\renewcommand{\bibitem}[2][]{%
  \def\ieee@biblabel{#1}%
  \def\ieee@bibkey{#2}%
  \ifx\ieee@bibkey\ieee@pre@bibitem@key
    \ieee@pre@bibitem@cmd
  \fi
  \ifx\ieee@biblabel\@empty
    \def\next{\ieee@old@bibitem{#2}}%
  \else
    \def\next{\ieee@old@bibitem[#1]{#2}}%
  \fi
  \next
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\extrareflistcode}
% Provide a hook for the user to inject arbitrary code into the |list|
% environment's spacing argument (i.e.,~the second argument to
% |\begin{list}|) when producing a reference list.
% \changes{v1.3a}{2005/09/03}{Introduced this macro.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\extrareflistcode}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \Finale
%
\endinput